Religion Makes Women Subservient to Men

Annelore Wolfelt World Religions Mr. Rocco Final Essay: â€Å"Religion Makes Women Subservient to Men† The differences between â€Å"eastern† and â€Å"western† religions are many and varied but there are some fundamental similarities within all religions. One of the common threads that run through almost every religion is that women are made to be subservient to men. The need to control and dominate women is found in both â€Å"eastern† and â€Å"western† religions. Confucianism, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam all discriminate against women (to varying degrees), by placing women beneath men.Each religion states the need for male dominance over women as a divine order that must and will be obeyed. Women are not featured much in the Bhagavad Gita except as a reference to something else. Therefore based off of classroom sacred text alone it is hard to tell what women’s status is in Hinduism. Although one may look at the lack of women in sacr ed scripture as an obvious sign that women mustn’t be very important if they aren’t even worth mentioning. However in the Laws of Manu, another Hindu scripture, women are briefly referred to.It states that it is women’s nature to â€Å"seduce men in this (world); for that reason the wise are never unguarded in (the company of) females† (2:213). â€Å"For women are able to lead astray in (this) world not only a fool, but even a learned man, and (to make) him a slave of desire and anger† (2:214). Fear of being seduced by a woman and becoming powerless to her is a contributing factor to the need men have to dominate women. This fear that men have of women’s sensuality is a common thread throughout other religions and cultures. Men’s need to control women might stem from the fear that they themselves can be easily controlled by women.In Confucianism we find the idea of equality between men, but that equality is based on a social hierarchy organized by the Five Constant Relationships: 1) sovereign to subjects, 2) father to son, 3) husband to wife, 4) older brother to younger brother and 5) friend to friend (Smith 175). This hierarchy establishes relations of dependency between men, including the duty to offer respect and obedience from those in a lesser position to those in a higher position, as well as the duty to show benevolence from those who hold a position of power over those who don't.The relation between the husband and wife shows the position of the woman as one dominated by the husband within the marriage. In all of the other relationships age and social standing is what decides who will hold the position of power within the relationship. But in the relationship between males and females, age and social standing don’t play the deciding factor of power in the relationship, gender does. By merely being a woman she is automatically given the role of obedience instead of one of power.But in all fairness Confucianism does not show the systematic discrimination against women that is found in western religions. In Christianity women are blatantly made to be the weaker sex. â€Å"Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. †(Colossians 3:18). â€Å"Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. For Adam was first formed, then Eve. And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing. (1 Timothy 2:11-15) Christians put the full blame of the Fall of Man on Eve, (and therefore all women). Because of this women are seen as easily corruptible and in need of the rule of man. Merely being born a female is seen as some sort of penalty: â€Å"if a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean. † (Leviticus 12:2) â€Å"But if she bears a maid child, then she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her separation: and shall continue in the blood of her purifying threescore and six days. (Leviticus 12:5) Since its beginning Christianity has sought to dominate and discriminate women, and it continues to this day with women fighting for their reproductive rights against the Catholic Church. The West has (hypocritically) accused Islam of degrading women, chiefly because Islam permits plurality of wives. But the reality is that Islam gave more rights to women by making a stronger emphasis on the sanctity of marriage, giving girls rights to inheritance and outlawing female infanticide. But that is as far as Islam got to giving females any sort of ‘equality’.Islam states that there is no equality between men and women: â€Å"The wives have rights corresponding to those which the husbands have, according to what is recognized to be fa ir, but men have a rank above them. † (Quran 2:228) Women are still expected to be obedient to men and to serve them out of fear of punishment. â€Å"So virtuous women are obedient and guard in the husband’s absence what God would have them guard. As for those whom you apprehend infidelity, admonish them, then refuse to share their beds, and finally hit them. † (Quran 4:34) Women are not even considered human beings but a man’s property: â€Å"Your wives are your fields.Go, then, into your fields as you will. † (Quran 2:223) The mere fact that women must cover themselves when they are in the presences of males so as to not tempt men (Quran 24:31) puts all of the responsibility on the woman instead of the man. I find it ironic that it is the woman’s fault for being desirable and not the man’s fault for having no self-control. As Simone de Beauvoir said in her book The Second Sex, â€Å"Man enjoys the great advantage of having a god end orse the code he writes; and since man exercises a sovereign authority over women it is especially fortunate that this authority has been vested in him by the Supreme Being.For the Jews, Mohammedans and Christians among others, man is master by divine right; the fear of God will therefore repress any impulse towards revolt in the downtrodden female. † When I am asked if I belong to any religion I say, â€Å"No. † As a female I don’t want to belong to an institution that routinely discriminates, dominates, and exploits women the way these four religions do. Works Cited The Bhagavad Gita. Ed. Betty Radice. Trans. Juan Mascaro. London: Penguin Books, 1962. Print. The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.A Revision of the Challoner-Rheims Version. Edited by Catholic Scholars Under the Patronage of The Episcopal Committee of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine. New Jersey: St. Anthony Guild Press Paterson, 1941. Print. Laws of Manu. Trans. George Buhl er. Sacred Texts Archive, 2011. Web. 1 June 2012. http://www. sacred-texts. com/hin/manu. htm Quran. Ed. Farida Khanam. Trans. Maulana Wahiduddin Khan. New Delhi: Goodword Books, 2009. Print Smith, H. The World’s Religions. New York: Harper One, 1991. Print.

Psychological Testing Article Analysis Essay

Psychological testing is a tool to properly assess behaviors and characteristics of individuals. Results of psychological testing are often presented through statistical tables that allow evaluation and comparison of the different variables tested against set norms. This paper will review an article lifted from the Health Psychology journal and determine the appropriateness of the psychological testing instruments used in the study. For this purpose, the article chosen is â€Å"Evolution of Biopsychosocial Model: Prospects and Challenges for Health Psychology† written by Jerry Suls and Alex Rothman in 2004. Article Summary The Biopsychosocial Model has enabled health psychologists in the search for a multi-level, multi-system approach to human functioning (Suls & Rothman, 2004). This idea is based on the premise that there is an intrinsic relationship between what is physical, psychological and social. However according to the research of Suls and Rothman, there are marked challenges that the model faces that have essentially impeded the progress of its full potential as a research, intervention and practice tool. The article’s ultimate goal was to determine what can be done to ensure the continuous refinement and evolution of the biopsychosocial model (Suls & Rothman, 2004). As a means to determine the viability of the biopsychosocial model as a multi-faceted instrument to help explain an individual’s health psychology, Suls and Rothman resorted to the use of statistical tests in psychology. By conducting frequency tests and factor analysis, the team of Suls and Rothman came up with a list of recommendations in the model’s areas of research, training, policy and funding, and practice. These recommendations are to further utilization of the links between biological, psychological, social, and even macro-cultural variables, with the ultimate aim of enhancing health (2004). Through the tests five issues were also identified to be crucial in the progress of the biopsychosocial model as a legitimate approach to health assessment. The article concluded by highlighting the various advancements in health psychology, particularly with the biopsychosocial model. However, Suls and Rothman stressed that the full potential of the model in terms of the ability to advance the theory and practice remain untapped (2004). Only a strong commitment to the model and it implications would establish long-term success of its involvement in health psychology (Suls & Rothman, 2004). Psychological Testing Instruments Used The article of Suls and Rothman did not explicitly discuss the test they used to assess the biopsychosocial model. In spite of this, it can be deduced from the tables they presented and the discussion of their findings that they relied on statistical tests in psychology in data-gathering. Statistical tests are commonly used to analyze results of a psychological research (Green & D’Oliveria, 1982). In fact many social sciences, particularly psychology, necessitate the use of statistical inference to explain findings (Meehl, 1967). In this particular article where the bulk of the fact-finding are based on peer research, two statistical tests in psychology were used. Suls and Rothman conducted frequency tests two times in their research study. Frequency tests are the most helpful tool when comparing data against each other (Lane, 2004). Through frequency tests, marked differences in independent variables are clearly distinguished. To measure the progression of the biopsychosocial model as a accepted concept in health psychology, Suls and Rothman conducted a frequency test on the use of the term â€Å"biopsychosocial† in journals and articles of Medline from 1974 to 2001, totals of which were group into a 3-year period interval (2004). Suls and Rothman likewise applied a frequency test to measure the integration of behavioral approaches to medical science in the study (2004). They reviewed articles in 4 major medical journals namely New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, and the Annals of Internal Medicine between the years of 1974 and 2001 (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Once again, they grouped the results into 3-year period intervals. From the raw frequency scores collected, they were able to produce a frequency polygon. A frequency polygon is the best way to present data gathered from frequency tests because it shows the shape of distribution of measured variables (Lane, 2004). Apart from frequency tests, Suls and Rothman also used factor analysis test. Factor analysis is one of the most commonly used statistical tests in various disciplines. It is used to determine patterns of relationships between variables (Gorsuch, 1983). In the area of psychology, factor analysis is commonly applied in intelligence research but it can also be used in other areas, like personality, behavior, belief, and even theory assessment. In this instance, factor analysis was used to assess the attitude of health psychologists towards the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model is dependent on the interaction between the biological, psychological, and social factors within an individual (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Suls and Rothman theorized that health psychologists are more likely to focus heavily on the psychological factor alone in the biopsychosocial model (2004). Therefore they used factor analysis to measure the presence of all the factors in articles written within a 12-month period, November 2001-September 2002 in Health Psychology. This particular application is called confirmatory factor analysis. It is used when the concern is to determine the number of variables that conform to a pre-determined theory set (Gorsuch, 1983). The value of this test is to assess the validity of preconceived ideas. In the case of Suls and Rothman’s study, it is the leaning of health psychologists towards psychological factors to assess an individual’s health. The article of Suls and Rothman did not make use of any standardized psychological testing instruments. The reason may be due to the fact that it is a study aimed at determining the advancement of a framework of health assessment. However, they still integrated valuable statistical testing in psychology to explain clearly the findings they have gathered. Effectiveness of the Psychological Testing Instruments Used The main premise of Suls and Rothman’s article is that the biopsychosocial model has proven remarkably successful in shaping the way health psychologists view an individual’s overall functioning (Suls and Rothman, 2004). To prove this point, the team proceeded to measure the familiarity of the concept among health psychologists by reviewing published journals in Medline, and four other notable medical journals. The raw data collected was then subjected to different statistical tests commonly applied in the field of psychology. From there Suls and Rothman were able to formulate recommendations vital to the advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a valid instrument in health assessment. The effectiveness of psychological testing is based mainly on two factors, validity and reliability. Validity measures the soundness of a test against its set objectives. On the other hand reliability measures the accuracy of the test in terms of producing consistent results. To determine whether the result of psychological testing is effective, researchers usually turn to statistical tests. In this case where no standardized psychological testing instruments were used, the effectiveness of the study may be directly correlated with the quality of the results produced by the statistical tests used by Suls and Rothman. Suls and Rothman resorted to frequency test to explain their findings on the use of â€Å"biopsychosocial† as a term in medical journals. The test confirmed their initial assumption that the biopsychosocial model has helped in advancing health psychology in the last 25 years. The frequency test showed a consistent rise in the use of â€Å"biopsychosocial† as a term in medical journals. However, Suls and Rothman are quick to stress that this may also be due to the increase of the number of articles published that deal with behavior in recent years (2004). They also used frequency test to assess the integration of behavioral approach to medical science (Suls & Rothman, 2004). The results attested as well to the increased integration of behavioral approaches to medical science in the last 30 years (Suls & Rothman, 2004). Finally a factor analysis test was conducted to determine the reliance of health psychologists on the variables essential to the biopsychosocial model. The factor analysis test clearly showed that health psychologists are still biased in considering psychological issues over biological, and even social. This correctly proved the initial postulation of Suls and Rothman. Considering that the statistical tests in psychology used in the research of Suls and Rothman ably supported their theory, it can be said that they were effective. However, since the study is mostly a review of journals it is not enough to completely determine the actual advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a tool for health assessment. George Schwartz in his book suggested that the biopsychosocial model faces a challenge with the use of empirical testing (1982). Empirical testing is a vital component to any psychological research. Another is that the model remains a concept in research. It has yet to transcend from research to practice, then back to research (Keefe, Buffington, Studts & Rumble, 2002). This is when the recommendations of Suls and Rothman become important. They were able to identify important areas that are tangible and measurable that will help in the transition of the model from a mere conceptual framework to a fully working tool in health assessment. As a stand-alone article, Suls and Rothman presented a thorough exposition of their chosen subject. However, based on the criteria of the article review, it did not meet the standards required. The fundamental component needed in the review is psychological testing in which the article did not have. On the other hand, the statistical tests were very helpful in understanding the basis of Suls’ and Rothman’s conclusion. Considering the statistical tests were properly chosen and used, it can be concluded that in the end the article of Suls and Rothman was a success. References Gorsuch, R. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Green, J. & D’Oliveria, M. (1982). Learning to use statistical tests in psychology 3rd edition. NY: Open University. Keefe, F. , Buffington, A. , Studts, J. , & Rumble, M. (2002). Behavioral medicine: 2002 and beyond. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 852-856. Lane, D. (2004, Augus 10). Frequency polygons. Connections. Retrieved August 25, 2010,

How after school programs benefit children and their educational experience

As societies continue to modernize and become more complicated, the pressure to work harder and to succeed also increases especially so with stiffer competition brought about globalization.Because of this, most families have both parents working to support their financial needs.   With both parents busy working, many of the studying children become susceptible to engage in unpleasant activities without adults attending or monitoring them after school.Because they often return to an empty house, they can freely engage into any activities regardless of whether they are beneficial or dangerous to them.And true enough, the prime time for juvenile crime during school days, where children were either the perpetrators or victims, is at its peak between from 3 PM to 6 PM. â€Å"The crimes that occur then are serious and violent, including murders, rapes, robberies, and aggravated assaults.† (Newman, et al, 2000, p2)In response to this pressing concern and relieve parents of their wo rries about their children’s safety and proneness to commit crime, after school programs were designed to prevent the children away from trouble and instead engage them into more productive activities that are beneficial to their overall growth and development.After School ProgramsAfter-school programs are special activities conducted regularly in the hours after school designed for children to learn new skills and contribute for their development as responsible people or adults.According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, after school programs can be classified under four broad categories namely: Academics & Enrichment, Community Service Projects, Field Trips and Physical Activity & Nutrition.Academics & Enrichment refers to extra-curricular activities that are incorporated in the students’ academic programs such as arts, Civics & Government, Health & Safety, Math, Science and History among others. An after school program in science for instance engages the students to television viewing of the Space program of NASA.Community Service Projects pertains to activities that are directly linked to community service.   A popular after school program under this category is Peace Corpse, an independent US federal agency that sends students and other volunteer workers abroad to work in organizational entities i.e. governments, NGO’s and schools in the areas of education, business, technology, environment among others.Field Trips are excursions for students that permit them to have a first hand experience of what they learn in school. This includes a visit to Zoos, museums and parks. It affords students first hand experience of concepts, ideas and other things that helps enhance the learning experience.   For one, seeing a picture of lion in the book is different from seeing a real life lion in Zoo.Finally, Physical Activity & Nutrition refers to programs that are related to sports i.e. bas ketball, athletics, exercise nutrition i.e. culinary arts and cooking and health. A category in health is made to give emphasis to its importance. Human life is our highest value and the concept of health is fundamental to life. And this must start in the basic education of the youth.Benefits of After School ProgramsIt keeps children on the Right Track.   The children’s engagement or involvement in after school programs dissuades children from antisocial or delinquent activities and becoming victims of crime and violence, which predominantly occurs approximately during after school hours. â€Å"Latchkey† children or those who are expected to stay at home alone after school are at high risk of health hazardous behavior such as substance abuse i.e. drugs, smoking and alcoholism, because there are no adults to guide them appropriately.   (Chung, 2000)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"An idle mind is the devil's playground†.Children without adult guidance tend to experiment on things out of curiosity such as smoking or taking drugs which can eventually lead to vice or addiction. Being busy helps children to stay out of trouble. (Kessler, 2000, pp40-42)After-school programs can shift the attention of children from such vices to positive and healthy alternatives.   Finally, it helps in decreasing television watching thus preventing sedentary predilection that leads to obesity, or the absorption of violence that is freely accessible in the media.It enhances Academic Achievement. After school programs serve to supplement and complement the formal learning that academic institutions provide in school. Seeing things in real life or concepts in their actual applications allow children to see the value of education thereby fostering interest of studies.After school activities also are directly involve in skills building and developing such as reading. â€Å"Some program is intended to enhance work-study habits, social skills, social consciousness, working with peers, following instructions, and problem solving†. (Fashola 2001, p28).   Ã‚  The more enthusiastic children are on their studies and the more they are given the right skills for learning improves the quality of their academic learning and achievementIt promotes social development.   The social exposure provided by after school programs help children to deal with people more appropriately.   This includes improving how they conduct themselves as a person and in relation to others, which in turn boosts their self confidence.

Marketing Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Information System - Essay Example Place regards to distribution network maintained by companies. Toyota emphasizes on just in time (JIT) inventory control and lean operation. Place plays important role to create suitable lean operation across all the plants of Toyota. Supply chain management plays a pivotal role in maintaining a proper inventory function. Maintaining the first P (product) of marketing is the main problem for Toyota. Tsunami on March 11 has clearly impacted the car company, which has higher sales volume in Japan with respect to competitors like Nissan and Honda. The Japanese automobile company has projected a profit margin of $3.5bn for next 1 year which is almost fifty percent lower than previous year’s projection. The company will certainly lose its position as volume leader in terms of car production during 2011, and might fall behind General Motors and German player like Volkswagen. Analyst forecasted drop of one percent in global sales for Toyota in the year 2012. The problem is regarding the production process of Toyota. They need to integrate supply chain network with production process to counterbalance the problem. Toyota fails to create quality in production process and for this reason they are struggling to earn respect of value driven European customers. Toyota failed to create safety value associated with car model for customers. According to Kelley Blue Book, value of used Toyotas is down by 3% and it will decline further 1.5% in near future. Sales volume Toyota Prius hybrid is declined due to low demand among customers. Retail price of the hybrid model has touched its nadir. The company has witnessed almost sixty percent drop in retail price due to poor value delivery process. Toyota cars lacks in safety, design and fuel efficiency. They need to upgrade value chain in production process (Bernstein, 2010). Reports created by government agencies or syndicated research association can be used as secondary data sources. Nielsen

Tesco Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Tesco Plc - Essay Example Through the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), companies have been forced top look beyond the economic returns of the business but also consider their impact on the environment and community around them. The importance of value creation through positive stakeholder relationships has an impact of significantly increasing the profitability of a firm (Edwards 1998). The increase in environmental legislation and the emerging trends of ethical consumers, the incorporation of social responsibility in the business strategy is more of a necessity in the competitive market. This report seeks to analyze the annual report of Tesco Plc for the year 2011 to investigate the way it accounts for its social, ethical and environmental impact. The report further compares the performance of the company with other companies in terms of environmental policies. Another aspect that is considered in this report is the nature of reporting that the company uses and recommendations for future str ategies to improve on the presentation of the company’s stakeholder’s strategy. 2. Business Review of Tesco Plc in 2011 Tesco is the most dominant retailer in the United Kingdom with a market share of about thirty percent. The company has a presence in several countries. It reported revenues in excess sixty billion in the financial year 2010/2011. The core purpose of Tesco Plc is to accord quality service to customers. The company’s goals are aligned to this vision that is clearly aimed at giving the company a competitive advantage in its market. The company has underpinned its commitment to the community and the environment by having a goal to put its responsibilities to the communities that they serve. To achieve this goal, the company has broken down its policy on environment and social issues into five key performance indicators that it uses to analyze the impact of its strategies. The key performance indicators on the social and environment issues for Tesco Plc for the period ending 2011 are analyzed below. 2.1 Responsibility in Buying and Selling of Products The customers require safe and affordable products. The company also lays emphasis on ensuring that the products that it sells are sourced in a way that is robust and meeting the required standards. Tesco has laid out strategies to help improve its relations with the suppliers through a program called â€Å"Trading Fairly†. However, the impact of this program cannot be quantified because the metrics of measuring the results are not available. In fact, it can be argued that these programs are publicity stunts since the same buying processes were used prior to the introduction of this program are still in place. A case in point is the widely documented practice by Tesco Plc to buy potatoes from the grey market instead of the official supply chain through Tyrells Crisps. The other issue of fair trade has been recently brought to the fore due to the price undercutting by super markets on bananas. The price wars between Tesco and Asda almost brought down the banana industry. The supermarkets opted to lower their margins and in turn reduced the amount they pay to their suppliers. According to Michaels (2004), the demand for cheaper products by supermarkets has become a ruthless way by the supermarkets to exploit the supplier. The net effect of lower supplier prices is that the workers in the farms are paid much less and this impacts negatively on the society. Sainsbury was the first supermarket to announce that it will sell one hundred percent fair trade bananas. Other supermarkets have followed suit but it is worth noting that Tesco was reluctant to commit to this cause. The increased money paid to the suppliers will have a positive impact on the community where the products are sourced from. The style of disclosure of the responsible sourcing and buying of products the Tesco

Everglades National Park Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Everglades National Park - Research Paper Example Background: Balanced Diversity Everglades National Park is the largest park and preserve in the state of Florida. It has a combination of sensitive wetland and estuarine environment, spanning 1,508,000 acres in area. The mangroves that mostly constitute the park are important breeding ground for numerous marine species as well as a natural habitat for alligators and many species of birds. It is also considered the largest wilderness area east of the Rocky Mountain, the biggest continuous section of saw-grass prairie and the most important breeding location for tropical wading birds in the North America. (Kras 2009, p. 9) In 1979, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated it as a world heritage site. Such recognition was fundamentally given due to its rich biological diversity, which represented a balanced relationship of human life and nature. According to UNESCO, the area has extreme importance to the world because it has a unique blen d of human history and the diverse life forms that harmoniously lived together for ages, including those animals and plants that are considered endangered species. (Kras, p. 9) Ecological relationships A Senate Report summed up the Everglades Park’s interesting interrelationships among its life forms. It explained: The intermingling of plant and animal species from both the tropical and temperate zones, plus the merging of freshwater and saltwater habitats provide the vast biological diversity that makes Everglades National Park unique. (US Congress, p. 340) Experts point out that the park is not consisted of one single ecosystem but a system of ecosystems. The above statement underscores this highlighting how numerous and diverse habitats are in existence that offer homes to a number of flora and fauna that collectively form a kind of relationship that continually amazes scientists. Much of the area is covered by saw grass, trees and shrubs as well as palm trees, cypresses, among other tropical plants. They provide a natural habitat for animals like the American crocodile, alligators, deer, Florida panther, roseate spoonbill, wood stork, snakes, turtles, among other reptiles and animals that are endangered like the southern bald eagle. The animals are sufficiently represented to sustain a healthy food chain and sheet-flow ecosystem connected by the water system beginning with Kissimmee River, into the Lake Okeechobee and, finally into the Gulf of Mexico. The intrusion of man, particularly with the agriculture cultivation that takes place in the Everglades’ periphery, and the damage it inflicts is increasingly destroying the habitats and the relationships within. For instance, the fertilizers discharged from nearby agricultural areas led to the growth of cat-tails and furry grasses that began depleting oxygen from the waters, endangering the lives of several animals that thrive on them. (Europa 2001, p. 77) Human Intrusion Another factor that mak es Everglades National Park unique is the fact that it is situated in a mouth of a waterway instead of in a headwater like Glacier, Grand Teton and Yellowstone. Unfortunately, this variable became a major contributor in the damage being done to the park. Human activities have disrupted the water cycle that occurs within the area due to agricultural cultivation and the

Visionary Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visionary Leader - Assignment Example Coleman strived improve the productivity of the company despite coming from a relatively small company. Therefore, I will place him in the category of an effective and thought leader. Based on his efforts, he stimulated actions and visions towards success of the corporation (Daft 2014). Deacon is a perfect example of an inspirational or social architect. He acknowledged the decline in his productivity and sought the assistance of a competent leader. Despite his retirement, he still offered advice for the teams and nurtured Coleman on sound decision making. Efficient leadership is all-inclusive. Hence, if I happened to be Coleman, I shall strive to advance the positive developments in a more open manner. I will consult with my staff on the shared concerns. Then, I will organize a consultative meeting with different sector stakeholders to gain more and share experiences about the plans. It is also important to benchmark during such events. Finally, I will engage Deacon in constant consultation meetings to update him on the progress and request for his regular

Coca Cola and IT Logistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coca Cola and IT Logistics - Assignment Example Supply Chain forms the backbone of logistics. Automation makes the supply chain extremely efficient. All kinds of transportation delays are removed. Transportation delays occur due to the presence of manual system in the different stages of supply chain. They cause delay due to the inherent limitations of physical labor. The positive consequence of automation in supply chain is that the concerned parties can get their supply on time. Moreover, companies can also reduce their cost of holding and carriage cost. Up to date inventory data can help prevent conditions of stock completion. The stocks can always be available on time. It will reduce customer waiting time. A customer can easily find out the product of his necessity. It also facilitates reduction of overhead costs like cost of labor, and inventory (McFarlene, n.d.). In this context a very appropriate automation technology used is the RFID Technology. The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology plays a very important role in the supply chain distribution of Coca Cola. The primary application of this technology is in bar code reading. Bar codes have to be read to ascertain accurate information regarding the product such as price, manufacturing date, and date of expiry. This information’s are very important for the customers. Another sphere of application of this technology is in the form of what is called smart shelves in the retail stores.

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Essay

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Kuwait - Essay Example That was the direct origin of the restaurant which is a French present participle of the word ‘’restorer’’. Therefore, ‘’restaurant’’ meant, a place where people went to restore their energy and vigor and feel refueled with food. Therefore, the first restaurant which has the same concept of the modern restaurant where people sit side to side of a table and order for food from a menu and wait to be served, was started in Paris in 1782 by one Antoine Beeauvilliers who was an entrepreneur and a chef and one time cookbook writer. It is a fact without any doubt that restaurants are big business in the United States. Looking at the information from the National Restaurant Association in their Restaurant Industry Pocket Factbook of 2010, US had a total of 945,000 eating establishments which employed a total of 12.7 million workers. This accounted for a total of 9 per cent of work force in the US and was expected to produce up to $580 billion in sales in 2011 (Fredric 2010). Currently, research shows it that Americans are dining away from home than it has ever happened where they take a total 4.8 of their total meals per week away from home. Most of the American restaurants create conditions that would encourage eating food rich in a lot of calories, salt, sugar and fat than the recommended amount in a single meal. You find that the normally regarded as good stuff such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are often not found on the American menu. The content of food at restaurants is one big problem. Though an analysis of 30, 923 menu items, taken from 245 restaurants chains, 96% of the meals served here do not meet the standards of the USDA nutritional guidelines. Far from serving extra-large potions and failing to offer vegetables, fruits and grains except for potatoes and most meals, most of the US restaurants cover the threat by adding limitless quantities of bread or chips as well as providing free refills of sodas (Deborah 2014). In

Exam 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam 1 - Assignment Example There are 44 questions, be sure to answer them all. MULTIPLE CHOICE (1 pt each) 1. Which of the following includes all the others? A) atom B) cell C) organism D) ecosystem 2. In science, a hypothesis must be A) testable B) a known fact C) able to be proven absolutely true D) derived from a theory 3. A chlorine atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The atomic number of chlorine is A) 8 B) 17 C) 35 D) 52 4. If you place the probe of a pH meter in an unknown liquid and it reads pH 1, the liquid is A) an acid B) neutral C) a base 5. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls: A) glucose B) cellulose C) starch D) glycogen 6. Glycerol is a building block of A) starch B) enzymes C) vegetable oil D) DNA 7. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen? A) proteins B) phospholipids C) polysaccharides 8. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found in A) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants 9. If the concentrat ion of glucose in the water outside of a cell is lower than the concentration inside, A) water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis B) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis C) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis D) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis 10. ... Which of these does not have to be present for photosynthesis to occur? A) water B) carbon dioxide C) glucose D) chlorophyll 13. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by A) photosynthesis B) cellular respiration C) greenhouse effect D) volcanic eruptions 14. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically into A) ethanol and CO2 B) lactic acid and CO2 C) lactic acid and H2O D) ethanol and H2O 15. The net energy gain from complete cellular respiration is A) 2 ATP B) 4 ATP C) 8 ATP D) 36-38 ATP 16. Carbon dioxide is released in A) the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis B) the Calvin cycle C) glycolysis D) the Krebs cycle 17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? A) they are proteins B) they speed up the rate of chemical reactions C) they act on specific substances called substrates D) they are used up in each reaction, thus need to be produced in large quantities 18. Each new cell produced by this process will have an identical copy of all chromosomes and gene s possessed by the parent cell: A) meiosis B) mitosis 19. During the first division of meiosis, A) homologous chromosomes separate B) chromosomes separate at the centromere C) chromosomes become triploid 20. The number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell is A) 4 B) 8 C) 23 D) 46 21. Exchange of genes between maternal and paternal chromosomes before the first division of meiosis is caused by A) crossing over B) X-linkage C) cytokinesis D) replication 22. If a heterozygous male mates with an albino female, what percentage of albino children would be expected? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% 23. Queen Victoria's son Leopold had hemophilia, which is caused by a sex-linked recessive gene (Xh). Leopold lived to be 31 years old and fathered a normal daughter. What is the

Political Power in the Prince by Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Political Power in the Prince by Machiavelli Essay Machiavelli argues in another major work that the purpose of politics is to promote a â€Å"common good.† How does this statement relate to the ideas Machiavelli presents in The Prince? The fact that two of Machiavelli’s greatest and most famous works on political power came into being thanks to the downfall of his own political career is quite ironic. More ironic however is the way he contradicts his statements in each book about the purpose of political power. As previously stated, one of Machiavelli’s major works, referring directly to The Discourses on Livy (1517), argues that the purpose of political power is to promote a â€Å"common good†. Meanwhile, The Prince presents a ruler less worried about the â€Å"common good† and more concerned about maintaining and expanding political power at all costs. â€Å"Laws make men good,† states Machiavelli in book one of the discourses, after a long explanation about how men created politics to create order. At first men searched for the strongest and bravest among them to mold him into a leader they could obey. Machiavelli then says: â€Å"From this beginning came recognition of what is proper and good, as opposed to what is pernicious and wicked.† However, as time went on, the people became harder to satisfy and politics became more complicated. New forms of government and laws were created in order to keep the people in order because as he states in The Discourses: â€Å"men will never be good, except by necessity†. Simple leaders became the tyrants he promotes in The Prince. They sought to be feared by their people in order to be obeyed and maintain power. In The Prince the leader is no longer the strongest and the bravest, but the prudent, more astute. The leader is one that can predict things such as treachery and conspiracy and end it before it can cause further problems in his government. The Prince discusses many ways for an astute leader to rule his state and maybe one or two of these promote the â€Å"common good† of the people, and it isn’t even actual common good. In The prince, the appearance of a common good is more important than having it as a reality. A ruler must appear to be honest and good but doesn’t necessarily have to be. I believe the relation between Machiavelli’s two texts on the purpose of political power is that one describes what politics were made to be while the other discusses what they have actually come to be and how to keep them that way. Instead of a â€Å"common good† it goes more along the lines of what is good for the ruler. While the statements contradict each other more than once, I believe the texts to be somewhat complementary in the sense that alone, they each give a different side or view of what politics actually are, while reading them both gives the reader an expanded, more complete understanding, not only on what politics are and how to maintain that political power, but also on why it has to be that way â€Å"for the good of the people.†

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay Example for Free

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay One theory of the formation of a romantic relationship is one put forward by Byrne and Clore called the reward/need satisfaction model. They suggested that we have relationships long term because we find them rewarding, or we don’t like the prospect of being alone. The rewards from a partner can include friendship, love and sex, or the particular person is associated with pleasant situations so then we want to spend time with them and form a romantic relationship. This can also include the satisfaction from a relationship with a person of high social status, as it would make you look good to other people. These needs can differ from person to person as to what is important. Rusbolt and Van Lange argue that rewards are important as when you do not know someone well communication can start on a ‘tit-for-tat’ basis with favours that can lead to more conversation and rewards. This was called by Clark and Mills and ‘exchange relationship’ as a relationship like this goes on it can turn to a ‘Communal relationship’ where rewards are given as a result of concern for a partner which can be an important aspect of forming a close relationship. May and Hamilton tested the good association part of the theory by getting groups of female students to look at pictures of male students and say if they like the look of them or not. One group looked at the pictures while pleasant music was being played, another group looked while unpleasant music was being played and a control group looked with no music. As predicted the group with pleasant music rated the male students the highest. This model may be very culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western world’s individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. It suggests that these relationships are likely to be formed where partners meet each other’s needs even though they have different views about when this becomes important. It is argued that long-term happy relationships have needs met while unhappy ones have unmet needs, this was said by Smith and Mackie Another theory is the Filter Model proposed by Kerchoff and Davis; they say that relationships develop through three ‘filters’. It starts with the ‘field of availables’ which are people available for a relationship where we then filter out different partners for different reasons, so it narrows down to a ‘field of desirables’ who are the people we consider as a potential partner. The first filter involves the social model where we choose people without being aware by where they live, work, have been educated or their social class. With individual characteristics not being important at this point. Then there is similarity of attitudes and values, where a partner’s beliefs and ideas come into effect. This is where communication is easier and the relationship can progress, however if beliefs and views are very different then the relationship may not move from its current position. The final filter is the emotional needs, which is whether the people fit as a couple and can meet each other’s needs. Kerchoff and Davis used their model to do a study on students who had been together for more than or less than 18 months. They were asked to complete questionnaires over 7 months on attitudes and personality of their partners compared to theirs; it was found that this was important in relationships up to around 18 months, whereas after this psychological compatibility and ability to meet each other’s needs becomes more important supporting the filter model. However questionnaires can have bias as participants may want to shows themselves in the best light thus skewing the results, also all the participants were students so age difference in relationships was not accounted for. The filter model emphasizes the importance of demographic factors and attitudes as ‘filters’ in the development of relationships. Sprecher found that couples matched in physical attractiveness, interests and social background were more likely to develop a relationship that is long-term. Found due to his longitudinal study of couples over 21 years and found similar education and age at the start of the relationship at the start were more likely to stay together. They also gained more similar attitudes as time went on. The filter theory is also very culturally biased as other cultures ways of choosing a mate may not have anything to do with the mentioned factors due to a collectivist nature of the culture or any other differences. There is also the problem that this model generalises to every couple where there will instead be many individual differences between choices of partners.

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents

Impact of Bullying and Cyber Bullying on Adolescents Introduction It has been long believed that bulling is a part of growing up and since they are only children, they do not know that they are possibly causing harm. This is not the case, bullies act with the sole intent to inflict mental and or physical harm to their chosen victim for their own personal gratification. Bulling and Cyber Bulling are becoming major issues in our society and the problem is ever increasing. Since rapid advancement of personal communication devices especially smart phone and applications that use social media, it has become simpler for bullies at access their victims twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This occurs covertly, no one is the wiser unless the intended victim speaks up, this rarely occurs. How do we are educators help address the issue of bulling, harassment and cyber bulling, so it does not have a negative effect on the students academic and social achievements. How do we as a society, stop this culture of abuse that is affecting a generation of teen agers. It is the duty of educators to support students who are being targeted and to help them to discover the tools on how to survive, this dark side of growing up in todays society The Digital Society In society, technology is paving the way we communicate with the world around us. The number of people joining and participating in social media is growing on a daily basis. We have adopted this technology into ever facete of our lives, from work, to school, to the home. Adolescents today are growing up in this ever-changing digital world, but are we as their guides, giving them the tools to survive in it. According to Federal Justice Department in the United States of America each month one out of four children will be targeted for abuse by their peers, either in the playground or via Personal communication devices. What is bulling, how can we recognise it? Types of Bulling The definition of bulling can be quite broad, the NSW education department as the repeated physical, social, verbal, and psychological abuse defines it. It involves the constant abuse of power by a group or an individual by one or more people. Physical Bulling includes hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching, pushing, anything that affects the victims body, this does include sexual abuse or the destruction of a persons property. Verbal Bulling is name-calling, insults, teasing, and intimidation, homophobic, sexist, and racist remarks. Other styles of bulling is covert bulling, it is harder to recognise and can be carried out behind the victims back. It is intended to destroy someones social standing or to cause humiliation. It includes lying about the person, spreading rumours, negative facial or physical gestures, menacing or contemptuous looks, playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking, encouraging other to socially other to socially exclude someone. Cyber Bulling is a perfect example of covert bullying tactics. This type of bulling takes it to a completely new level of cruelty by using digital technologies. By using mobile phones to harass their victim, setting up defamatory websites or facebook pages, spreading rumours via social media sites such as facebook, myspace, instagram, snapchat. Previous generations of teenagers who have been the victims of bulling were able to seek refuge from the daily torture at home, now thank to mobile phones and social media the bullies have destroyed this refuge and get access to their victim anytime they want. Bulling can be a public incident or private, and in some cases only known to the parties involved. So if it is only known to the people involved, how do educators combat it? Glamorization Bullying in schools is an often-glamorized in Hollywood movies depicted in high school teen comedies, for example Mean Girls, a movie about social acceptance, isolation and gaining a self worth from the pain of others. What they do not show are the effects of bullying on their intended victim. Bulling is not a mutual disagreement or an isolated incident of social rejection or nastiness. It is not a random act of aggression or intimidation. The oxford dictionary definition of harassment is the unwanted or warranted conduct on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation, which has the purpose or effect of either violating the claimants dignity, of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. This is when it can get confusion as all bulling is harassment, but not all harassment is bulling. So how do adolescents tell the difference? Target Acquired The bullies target students who are not part of an established social group at school, such as new students or those who suffer from health or learning disabilities as well as students who have trouble fitting in socially, as well as jealously. For bulling to occur there needs to be a power difference between the two parties; unfair fights where the person who bullies has an advantage or power over the person who is being victimized. Bullying is not the same as a disagreement, it is about the abuse of power. The effects of bulling can be short term and long term effects for the victims. Although severe long term effects can be avoided by someone intervening as soon as possible. The intervening party does not have to be a parent, teacher or adult in a position of authority, it is more effective in eradication of bulling, if one of the victims classmates steps in to stop it. Why did we as a society, think that this behaviour was harmless? Long and Short Term Effects The effects of bulling can be quite broad, they can range from falling grades, depression, anxiety; an increased sense of loneliness, sadness, isolation, there can be changes in sleep and eating patterns. Activities that the victim once enjoyed, suddenly they do not what to be involved. Sadly, these issues do not rectify themselves and can continue into the adolescents, life after school. The long term effects can include a higher risk of depression and issues with a low self-esteem later in life, there is links that teenagers that bullied in their teens are more likely to have problems with drugs, alcohol and promiscuity. In some extreme cases, bullied teenagers have attempted and succeeded in ending their lives, to end their suffering. As this issue continues to grow, schools have been trying to implement a Zero tolerance policy on all types of bulling. School needs to be a safe place for all students, as a safe place gives students the ability and the confidence to learn. Bulling and cyber bulling can turn the classroom environment from a place of knowledge to a living nightmare, which students end up dreading. Bulling is the cause of up to 15% of all school absenteeism. It does not only affect a victims attendance, but it can also affect their ability to focus and participate in the classroom. There is also a high probability of the victim dropping out of school, so they do not need to confront their bully any longer. The victims ability to focus is continually compromised; they worry about what the bully will do next, where the bully will be during the lunch break. The Digital World The internet and social media use have grown in the past ten years. Adolescents have access to the internet and personal communication devices in their bedrooms away from parental supervision. In previous years, the only way adolescents had to communicate with the outside world from their home was the telephone in a communal area and a desktop computer again in a communal area. Parents were able to monitor everything that was being said or sent to their teenager. Social networking websites have become increasingly popular among teenagers, as a place where they can meet friends and new people, communicate and exchange information. The type of relationships for teenagers have evolved to a level that has never been experienced on this scale. Social media is the main contributor of this change. Adolescents have the facilities to communicate with people, young and old from all over the globe. For the first time in our history, geographical barriers are no longer a issue for communication. No longer waiting on the postman for letters, worried about different time zones to make a phone call, adolescents have instant results with the use of social media. There has been a positive outcome due to Social media; teenagers who are active on social media sites are more social and well adjusted than their not connected peers. This technology are tools for todays adolescents, it develops social bonds, their identities, and an ability to communicate with others including teachers, classmates, absent parents. â€Å"Teens who spend their time on social networking sites are actually the healthiest psychologically according to new accumulating evidence from a report from Psychological Science. (N. Murashev, May 2011) Even so, the destruction these devices are used for, negates any positive attributes. Social Networking Social networking has created new ways to communicate, share information and meet new people. Even with all the positive possibilities associated with social networking. Like with everything, there are risks that are associated with the use or misuse of this technology. It stay safe online teenagers need to know the risks and how to protect themselves online, from bullies and predators. People are able to be anonymous, anominity gives people a sense of freedom, they can be whoever they want to be, freedom to say and do without any consequences. Bullies are able to use the personal information posted online to gain an insight in how to torture them. Cyber Bulling is a methodical, planned method of violence and torture, affect teenagers. As mentioned earlier, it has the potential to lead to anxiety, depression, self harm, and even suicide. The Cyber Bullies use social media, text messages and email to harass their victim. The bullies tactics are to send mean messages, start disparaging rumours, posting hurtful comments and unflattering pictures, altering images to depict the victim, these can be through social media sites, emails and text messages, these can be done by direct contact or public comments or private messages to others about the victim. According to Cyber bulling statistics: Over half of adolescents and teenagers have been subjected to online bullying, the same amounts of adolescents have engaged in cyber bulling. More than half of young people do not tell their parents or teacher that they have experienced cyber bulling. The best way to stop cyber bulling is to educate adolescents about the consequences of cyber bulling and what they need to do to stop it occurring if they are ever bullied. Bullies like to act covertly, it is where they gain their power, by opening up communication channels, and bullies can no longer hide in the shadows of the online world or the playgrounds. Unfortunately, most adolescents do not feel comfortable talking to parents and teachers about their experiences of being bullied. However, why does it stop, victims of bullying telling their true friends. Why are their friends staying silent as well? We drill into young children when in early primary school, not to tattle tale. Have we made a rod for our own backs, by teaching this? We should be drilling into them, which if someone is hurting you or your friends tell your teacher, tell the world. If you bring light onto the subject, bullies can no longer hide in the shadows or behind a computer screen. Consequences or lack of Bulling is going to be a continuing issue within the education system. The law cannot keep up with this every changing cyber world. Even though it is starting to catch up to the technology, there are now serious consequences if caught cyber bullying. Depending on what was done during the bulling, consequences can range from punishments at the school level to criminal charges. It is the repetitive nature of bulling that is the cause of the anxiety to the victims, the anticipation of bulling becomes as problematic as the actual bulling. The consequences of bulling were once name calling and possible push and shove in the playground. In recent years, the consequences of schoolyard bulling have taken a more serious turn; more and more frequently, bullied students are turning to violence. Bullies adolescents feeling that there is no other option, retaliate in a deadly manner, attacking their persecutors and any other students and teachers. These tragedies have caused more awareness and fe ar among, parents, other Adolescents, educators, as well as the Police Force about the effects of bulling. The response of the education system and law enforcement has not been fast or strong enough for the families of bullying victims who had felt they had no other choice, than to end their lives to end the torture. Conclusion There is no quick fix, to this epidemic, if at all. Educators and parents can only protect the victims, if they speak up. There is no way to eradicate bullying from our society; it is engrained within Australian society. However, as educators we can try to bring it out from the shadows. Name and shame bullies, have it part of their permanent record, most bullies will continue the behaviour into adulthood, especially if they got away with in as a teenager. Bulling is no longer contained to the schoolyard, bus, or train, it enters our homes, and it destroys lives, families, futures, and communities. Victims feel isolated, unsupported; it is one the main reason why dropout rates are high. Bulling is causing a generation of young people to have low self-esteem, depression issues not only while the abuse is occurring but into their adult life. Teenagers who are bullied are more likely to develop future academic problems and psychological difficulties. School should offer support groups fo r the ones being bullied on and the ones doing the bullying. There should be harsher penalties, as these adolescents know what they are doing and know that their choice to bully with hurt someone. No one should have to feel like the only way to deal with a situation is to harm themselves of others. Bulling is doing them more harm than good. They need to know that there are different ways to handle a situation like talking about it with friends, families, and teachers. We must step up and help others know how to deal with this issue. There is no reason to let anyone friend or stranger get picked on. We need to provide an inclusive environment for adolescents to stand up and prevent bullying in their micro chasm of a community. It will spread to the wider community. Lets turn on a light. References Attorney General Martha Coakley, http://.mas.gov Eagle Triune, (16 January, 2011) http:// www.eagletribune.com Ralph, L, Berglas, N, Schwarts, S.., and Brinidis, C (2011) Finding Teens in TheirSpace: Social Networking Sites to Connect youth to Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(1). 38-49 From Research library Molly O’Toole (2011 September 2) Social Media use linked to smoking, alcohol. Times Colonist, p.6. Retrieved from Canadian Newsstand. Natasha Murashev, Social Times, (May 2010) http://www.socialtimes.com Science Daily (February 10, 2010) http://www.sciencedaily.com Bullying Statistics, http://www.bullingstatics.org Family Safety, http://www.microsoft.com http://ncab.org.au/fourkindsofbullying/ 24/8/12 http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html#suicide 24/8/12 http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00117/bullyingconsequences.html 24/8/12 http://www.cyberbullying.info/ http://au.reachout.com/Factsheets/C/Cyberbullying http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/Kids/Tips to stay safe and cybersmart/Cyberbullying.aspx http://www.bullyingnoway.gov.au/ http://www.bullying.com.au/ http://www.youthbeyondblue.com/factsheets-and-info/fact-sheet-20-bullying/ http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/201103/201103carrgregg.pdf

Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath :: essays research papers

Iliad as a Dictate of the Father The Lion Gate is gnarling down at anyone trying to advance past its massive guard. Inside the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords await the visitor’s arrival. Skillfully carved armor decorations proclaim great battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly power are apparent in each Mycenaean artifact. It is this strong patriarchal culture that gave birth to the creation of the Iliad. The respect that the father receives as the head of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary concern in the Iliad, but the heroic code is based on paternal injunction. That way the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad. Throughout the Iliad the warriors are identified by their genealogy. The first line begins, â€Å"Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 1). With the opening we see how important the father’s name is in describing the identity of the hero. The same occurs in the lines to follow, â€Å"†¦Atreus’ son the lord of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 7). In this line the name Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough information for the audience. Genealogy has the power to cease battle between enemies. Such is the case when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. After Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realizes that their grandfathers have been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty days he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other fine gifts in token of friendship. /†¦Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos;/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each other’s spears, even in the close fighting./ †¦But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may know/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the days of our fathers" (6, 215-231). Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil social structure. Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath :: essays research papers Iliad as a Dictate of the Father The Lion Gate is gnarling down at anyone trying to advance past its massive guard. Inside the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords await the visitor’s arrival. Skillfully carved armor decorations proclaim great battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly power are apparent in each Mycenaean artifact. It is this strong patriarchal culture that gave birth to the creation of the Iliad. The respect that the father receives as the head of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary concern in the Iliad, but the heroic code is based on paternal injunction. That way the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad. Throughout the Iliad the warriors are identified by their genealogy. The first line begins, â€Å"Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 1). With the opening we see how important the father’s name is in describing the identity of the hero. The same occurs in the lines to follow, â€Å"†¦Atreus’ son the lord of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 7). In this line the name Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough information for the audience. Genealogy has the power to cease battle between enemies. Such is the case when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. After Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realizes that their grandfathers have been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty days he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other fine gifts in token of friendship. /†¦Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos;/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each other’s spears, even in the close fighting./ †¦But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may know/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the days of our fathers" (6, 215-231). Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil social structure.

The Case for Mercy-Killing Essay -- Euthanasia, Mercy-killing, Assiste

Two patients share a hospital room. By miraculous circumstance, they are both suffering identical cases of late stage terminal cancer, and both have expressed firmly that they don’t want their lives to be artificially extended. Patient A has contracted a hospital-borne infection, and will die quickly if this infection is not treated. This being the case, the doctors decide to take no action, allowing Patient A to die from the infection. This raises the question: what does this choice imply for Patient B? Should he be allowed to choose active euthanasia to combat his suffering? I will argue that there is no moral distinction between letting Patient A die and â€Å"killing† Patient B. I will do so by looking at each patient’s circumstances individually, then applying arguments about euthanasia to their cases, and ultimately bringing them back together to consider a verdict. While some may argue that there is a difference between killing Patient B and lettin g Patient A die, I assert that any such claims are based in irrelevant reasoning. First, let’s consider the reasoning behind the patients choosing to forego extraordinary treatment for their cancer. They have decided, as Beauchamp would put it, that refusing to prolong their lives in the face of pain and suffering â€Å"neither harms nor wrongs [them] and may provide a benefit† (Beauchamp, 76). They â€Å"intend to quit life because of its bleak possibilities† (Beauchamp, 77). The doctor readily complies with their wishes out of moral, legal, and professional obligation. A choice has been made to let both patients die, as a response to their â€Å"competent and authoritative refusal of treatment† (Beauchamp 74). In Patient A’s case, he was lucky enough (in the most morbid way possible) to... ...es out of mercy. Beauchamp puts it eloquently when he says â€Å"From a moral point of view, causing a person’s death is wrong when it is wrong not because the death is intended or because it is caused, but because an unjustified harm or loss to the person occurs† (Beauchamp, 76). The objection that killing Patient B is worse than allowing Patient A to die does not survive, because such a claim is based on the assumption that a killing would be unjust. The doctor and the patients have decided that death is preferable to life, and there is no injustice involved in any possible outcome from there on out. Squeamishness about the doctor being responsible for killing Patient B, directly, has no place in the discussion, because by the time the discussion is taking place, that would be like being squeamish over the doctor prescribing morphine to reduce a patient’s suffering.

Shoeless Joe :: essays research papers

Reviewing a TV show or movie The Simpsons is undeniably the best show to ever be shown on television. Every episode is a timeless classic, subtle Simpson’s humor and doesn't depend on common jokes that so many rip-off cartoon shows and sitcoms use today. It is original, and no other show can ever top its humor. The characters are all amazingly funny and they always think of the most surprising and hilarious things to say. The Simpsons is one of the few shows that have managed to retain its popularity over the years. Bart pulls a prank at church, resulting in a punishment for himself and Milhouse. They have a conversation about it, and Bart tells Milhouse that he does not believe in souls. To prove it, he sells his soul to Milhouse for $5, well actually; he sells him a piece of paper with "Bart Simpson's soul" written on it. He notices that animals are afraid of him and automatic doors don't recognize him. Bart continues to notice that he is different. He loses his ability to laugh at senseless violence. He tries unsuccessfully to get his soul back from Milhouse. Bart has nightmares, so he goes on to beg for Milhouse's help. Milhouse does not have the soul anymore; he sold it to Comic Book Guy, who then sold it to an unnamed person. Bart is relieved to discover it is Lisa, and she gives him back his soul. Bart is back to normal, metaphysically. A major reason why it’s maintained its popularity is because of its overall quality. While other cartoons and sitcoms center on vulgar themes and pathetic plot-lines, The Simpsons is able to shine far above the rest with its hilarious plots, and good messages. We all know it’s impossible to sell your soul, but that’s the creativity. At the end of the episode Bart learns the true meaning of having a soul and respecting the church. The Simpsons is a ride through a fantasy society, which mock very human trait. Beer is drunk in every episode, bad habits are given into, ignorance and disdain to normal people, but somehow, everyone gets along in the end. Some features can be irritating, such as the portrayal of women, it’s always the mother and sister who are working hard and very intelligent, and the men are laid back with no worry. It also discriminates against Indians like Apu the kwiki- mart owner.

Stress affects teenagers

Stress affects adolescents about every twenty-four hours. Many feel stressed-out when they have a trial, occupation, or excessively many activities. It can even be caused from something every bit little as siting a roller coaster. Goals and challenges are the chief cause because they are thought to be difficult to finish. Stress is a well-known trigger for depression and can besides impact physical wellness. It is of import to place the causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life and seek to minimise them. Stress, no affair if it is little or large, occurs in adolescents ‘ lives today. Stress is the uncomfortable feeling of holding force per unit area and it can be caused from many events. The chief causes of emphasis in a adolescent ‘s life semen from school, work, activities, friends, and household. There are two signifiers that it comes in. The first signifier is called acute emphasis, which lasts for a short period of clip. This can be caused from losing the coach, contending with a friend, or giving a address in school. Another sort of emphasis is chronic emphasis, which is long-run emphasis. Examples include repeated battle in school, illness/disability, or an unlogical fright ( highs, bugs, etc ) . Most adolescents begin with acute emphasis and so bit by bit experience overwhelmed, which develops into chronic emphasis. The causes of stress come with both internal and external effects. It depends on the individual, but the internal effects include anxiousness, crossness, and nervousness. External effects include take a breathing faster, sudating, musculuss straining, dry oral cavity, keener senses, and deficiency of energy, concerns, and illness. A stressed individual tends to hold problem paying attending and have problem remembering facts. A individual who is ambitious or a perfectionist additions emphasize more frequently. All of this can do a individual to acquire into battles and lose friends. There is a procedure in the organic structure that takes topographic point when emphasis occurs. First, a endocrine called epinephrine combines with epinephrine, which causes an â€Å" adrenaline haste † . The endocrines and chemicals cause the organic structure to increase blood force per unit area and bosom rate. These responses prepare the organic structure to cover with and retrieve from a physical onslaught. The organic structure besides suppresses the production of other chemicals to assist increase protective responses. If the encephalon ne'er puts its guard down, it develops chronic emphasis. The ability to kip is the first to travel. These effects occur if it ‘s existent of imagined ; it ‘s what we perceive. Suicide and depression can happen. Other serious effects are high blood force per unit area, reflux disease, asthma, ulcers, and megrims. Every twenty-four hours adolescents face state of affairss that can be nerve-racking, which can develop when the adolescent matures into an grownup. Finding schemes to avoid and command emphasis are good so that the individual can blend a happy life with work. To go stress-free, the individual has to alter their ideas, attitudes, feelings, communicating, response, and fortunes. Physically, adolescents must eat healthy, acquire adequate slumber ( around eight to nine hours ) , and exercising. Adolescents should retrieve to maintain thoughts into position and be optimistic. Surrounding themselves with good friends, a good degree of activities, and adequate clip to acquire school work done is indispensable.Each twenty-four hours emphasis builds up in a adolescent ‘s life, which can be negative as this carries into their maturity. Once the encephalon understands that danger is gone, all of the symptoms of emphasis are gone. Sadly, some do non recognize that the danger is gone, whic h can develop into serious jobs. Most adolescents suffer from emphasis and demand to larn how to pull off their emphasis in order to turn healthy in the ever-changing, nerve-racking universe. Exercise is a great manner to relieve emphasis. Exercise gives us the chance to acquire up and travel. Physical fittingness leads to greater assurance and self-denial ( Stephens, 1988 ) . Exercise besides lowers blood force per unit area while increasing our ability to cover with emphasis ( Ford, 2002 ) . Unfortunately, many of us bypass day-to-day exercising because we think we need to run five stat mis a twenty-four hours to do a difference. Not true. Even a 10 minute walk increases energy degrees and lowers tenseness ( Thayer, 1987, 1993 ) . There are many grounds why exercising can take to a decrease in emphasis: Exercise increases the end product of the mood-boosting chemicals your nervous system produces ( Jacobs, 1994 ) . Exercise enhances your cognitive abilities, such as memory, to some grade ( Etniers & A ; others, 1997 ) . Exercise lowers your blood force per unit area ( Perkins & A ; others, 1986 ) . Exercise has side effects, such as better slumber, that provide an emoti onal benefit. Regular exercising cuts bosom onslaught hazard in half ( Powell & A ; others, 1987 ) and increases length of service by every bit much as 2 old ages ( Paffenbarger & A ; others, 1986 ) . So after a busy agenda or a exhausting twenty-four hours on the occupation, why non travel acquire a motorcycle and running places? Your household, and friends, can surprisingly besides lead to better emphasis direction and header. A research survey done by Warr & A ; Payne in 1982 has concluded that a batch of things, one being that people who are accompanied by friends and/or household during difficult times expressed feelings of felicity while these events were taking topographic point. It should n't take a scientific survey to demo that environing yourself with supportive household, friends and colleagues can hold a positive consequence on your mental well-being, but there ‘s plentifulness of research to corroborate it. Because people are societal existences, societal support seems to move as a buffer against the effects of emphasis ( Rathus, 2007 ) . There are five definitions of societal support: emotional concern, instrument assistance, information, assessment, and socialising ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Research shows that the construct of societal support does in fact aid people cope with emphasis and in bend reduces the hazard of wellness jobs that could be the consequence of emphasis on the organic structure ( Rathus, 2007 ) . The more societal support you have, the less emphasis will hold an chance to impact you in a negative manner ( Rathus, 2007 ) . Another manner to acquire around emphasis is to seek and do some alterations in your agenda. Make certain you have a lunch period, and surely a free period to acquire some of your prep out of the manner. Try remaining in the library or even an empty schoolroom if you are allowed to after school. Sometimes you might hold better concentration if you work in a different topographic point. If you have tonss of big leagues, see dropping one. Travel down degrees in some of your categories or take easier 1s wholly. Take some of your nucleus categories during summer school to liberate up clip during the twelvemonth. Summer school categories are more set back and more merriment than you ‘d believe. Stress is inevitable, but unhealthy responses to it are non. When face with a stressor, such as a level tyre on your manner to school or work, how do you react? Is the level tyre a menace? â€Å"I ‘ll ne'er be able to repair this! This sucks! Or is it a challenge? â€Å"I can manage this. Let ‘s see, what are my options? Your assessment of the state of affairs is important. If you see the stressor as a menace, you ‘re more likely to panic and stop dead up, doing it more hard to work out your job. If, alternatively, you view the stressor as a challenge, your response will be focused, and you ‘re more likely to get the better of the obstruction ( Pinner, 2005 ) your perceptual experience of the stressor straight affects your emotional responses. The top jocks, the best instructors, and the most effectual leaders seem to boom when faced with what they perceive as a challenge. Optimism besides seems to offer some protection against the effects of emphasis. Compared with their pessimistic opposite numbers ( those with a negative attack to life ) , pupils identified as optimists have stronger immune systems and are less likely to go sick or fatigued during the last month of the semester ( Seligman, 1991 ) . Optimists besides recover more rapidly from bosom surgery than pessimists do, and, when stressed, they register lower blood force per unit area readings ( Segerstrom & A ; others, 1998 ) so, what I ‘m seeking to state here is that a good mentality on the state of affairs would more than likely mean that you would be coming through, unharmed, out of any quandary in your adolescent life. Stress is a cosmopolitan bodily and psychological procedure that we all experience. Stress is non bias to merely the schoolroom, or at place but with this information and the techniques and life styles I have included, you may happen yourself closer to psychological Utopia than of all time before on the occupation, or off.

Mentoring

What Is the Research Topic you are responsible for? The Importance of mentoring to develop fresh graduates In work place. What are the Findings from your Research on this topic? In today's rapidly advancing society, there are many fresh graduates from top colleges and universities with good grades who are still unable to meet their work targets or cope with the pace of work. Before when they enter or just started their first career, they have to face a lot of unknown circumstances and requirements.Therefore, a mentoring program is so much needed to them. Mentoring is the act to build up a relationship between two people; â€Å"mentor† and â€Å"mantle†. Mentor will be providing guidance and shared their knowledge and experiences to develop a realistic expectation of the work. The following is some advantages which important:- 1 . Help to analysis- Mentor can help mantle assess career strengths and weaknesses and also determine future goals. 2. Help to familiarize ? abou t the Important individuals within the field, including sources for new ideas regarding content. 3.Help New Entry smoothly into the new company – become more knowledgeable, understanding and entering into the prevailing culture. 4. Help to provide a safety net – social support In a potentially stressful situation. 5. Help to enhances performance level – giving advice or guides to accelerates learning to support their development. 6. Help to promote development effectively – help to guide the direction and provide feedback, providing technical and professional knowledge and skill to promote development effectively. And also giving proper guidance can avoid the mistakes which will affect performance.In addition to the above, mentoring programs in organizations can be helpful in Improving performance and also achieve higher productivity so may lead to higher lob satisfaction. Thus, mentoring during Induction period can offer support in :- 1 . Help to underst and about the working practices and discuss or guiding about the issues which relating to the role. 2. Conducive to the rapid absorption of cultural and social norms organizations also learn about which they need to know to succeed In lob role. 3. Help or navigate their way when came to a new specific job or particular area of responsibility. . Sharing business information and work skills, accelerate the recesses for the identifying, developing and retaining talent to increase the Job satisfaction. Are there other opinions on this topic? The negative experiences, however, are most often to seen in organization which without a formal mentoring process, example Like not tied to business goal, without tracking system for mentoring relationship and without structure support. Some of those negative is occurs between mentor and mantle, such like mentor which 1 OFF due to a lack of knowledge and interest on the role which as a mentor.What is your conclusion on actions to achieve improvemen ts? Even with the possibility of negative situation than can occur, the strong advantages of mentoring program is a powerful tool to help fresh graduates in their career by increasing productivity, gain a broader perspective, knowledge and insight into the work practices and also develop a realistic expectation of the work. Reference List Kale, L. (2011). Making a Mentoring Relationship Work: What is Required for Organizational Success. Applied Business and Economics, 12, 49-50. Susan, M. (2011). Use Mentoring to Develop Employees [website].

Miller’s success Essay

Written by Arthur Miller in the early 1950’s, â€Å"The Crucible† notes the story of the quiet town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. As the play progresses, a major witch hunt takes place after a group of young girls claim to have danced with the Devil. Although the play is fictional, Miller based it on real people and events documented in records made after the actual witch hunts took place, at around the time the play was set it. I have chosen to analyse the conversation in Act 1, between Abigail and John where she attempts to entice him back to her, however John is adamant he will not be drawn in by her charms and appears to not be tempted. I shall also analyse the section of Act 4 where John Proctor ‘confesses’ to partaking in witchcraft, but then changes his mind after realising he values his morals more than his life. The first episode begins with Betty in bead and, after supposedly dancing with the Devil; she is in an apparent trance-like sleep. At the same time, John and Abigail are talking about their affair, something that took place before the play began. In this extract, Miller uses a variety of techniques to create tension on stage and in the audience. One such technique is the way in which variations are created in language; this creates a mix of emotions from the audience. Take, for example, Abigail’s line of â€Å"Give me a word John, a soft word† where she appears to be attempting to seduce John. In this part of the play we see how Abigail can manipulate how she speaks to, in a way, toy with John’s emotions, however it is likely that at this point in the play the audience will be aware of how young Abigail actually is, and will therefore realise she is embarrassing herself. Although this isn’t creating high levels of immense tension, the embarrassment the audience is provoked to feel due to Abigail’s actions is likely to leave them feeling highly uncomfortable in the situation causing a tense atmosphere to be created. In contrast to Abigail’s approach, John talks more as a father, giving a very patronising response, which begins with him calling her â€Å"child†, thus furthering the embarrassment felt. Another technique used in this section of the play is the contrast between how Abigail appears towards John and how she appears towards her Uncle Parris slightly earlier on in the play. To Parris, Abigail seems to be the angelic niece who made the simple mistake of dancing in the woods. However, when she talks to John she says things such as â€Å"I am waiting for you every night† and â€Å"I know you, John. I know you.†. Both of these examples show how Abigail can change from being an innocent little girl to an apparently seductive young woman. After watching this episode, the audience are undoubtedly aware of how Abigail attempts to manipulate people, and shows how the character is likely to progress, using her ‘skills’ in manipulation to full advantage. The feeling that something is waiting to happen may cause unrest in the audience, which would build up tension levels slightly. The pace of speaking varies a lot in this small section. We see Abigail’s ‘seductive’ speech, alongside John showing remorse for the situation that has arisen saying â€Å"I never give you hope to wait for me†. This is calm, and clear – John is not interested. He sees being open and honest, stating how he feels in the plainest English imaginable as the best way to prevent this conversation ever developing again. This would keep tension levels low, creating a feeling in the audience that they want Abigail to understand, and see nothing can happen. However, when this is obviously not the case, John begins to lose his composed presence and when Abigail begins crying, the volume of the conversation increases. This, in itself, will cause an increase in tension. Following this emotional outburst, Abigail pleads with John, running to him and crying â€Å"pity me, pity me!†. Such a change in a once strong and grown up character, along with the urgency with which the lines are delivered will create huge tension and, probably more embarrassment felt for Abigail. This is a particularly emotional part of the play, which relies far more upon vocal talents than any physical contact to create the tension we feel when watching it. There is, however, one point in this episode where John grabs Abigail and whilst shaking her shouts â€Å"Do you look for a whippin’?†. By this point in the conversation the audience are likely to be in the belief that John Proctor has effectively ‘lost it’ and needs to find a way to make Abigail understand, whatever that way may be. Following John grabbing Abigail, the audience see violence as one way of this conversation finishing which will obviously raise the tension levels considerably.

Blood Brothers Essay

Dear Headteacher and Governors, I am writing in response to the governor’s decision to stop the production of Blood Brothers by Willy Russell. I understand the reasons for this, but I wish to demonstrate how certain themes are an integral part of the play, and that it is not unreasonable for it to be performed by students. One of the biggest issues is the use of swearing in the play. Willy Russell uses the bad language to emphasise the difference between the classes. This is shown when Micky and Eddie first meet and Micky says that he is â€Å"Pissed off. † Edwards’s reaction to this is â€Å"Pissed off? You say smashing things don’t you. † This shows that Eddie doesn’t understand Micky as he thinks he is â€Å"Smashing† Micky on the other hand is using the swearing to express his emotions in the best way he knows. Also, the fact that he has been brought up with so many brothers and sisters who swear makes it second or even first nature for him to swear. There is also the point that Eddie uses bad language in the wrong context. This is demonstrated when he calls his mother a â€Å"Fuck Off† this not only shows the audience that he doesn’t understand how to swear, but it also hint as the fact that Eddie is actually a Johnstone and is showing his true nature. This would play on Mrs Lyons’s mind, as this is the one thing she fears most and has spent many years trying to avoid. Bad language also gives the play a sense of comedy. This is shown when Edward tells his teacher to†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ take a flying fuck at a rolling doughnut. † This inevitably makes the audience laugh, as this is only the second time they hear him swear and the first time he uses it in the right context. It also leads to him being suspended, which reveals another similarity between him and Micky. A second point that someone may uses to discredit the play is the part when Micky and Eddie go to watch â€Å"Adult Films† this again is an integral part of the play as it shows the growing up and becoming teenagers. This is proven when Edward says â€Å"Listen, we can see how it is done; look the Essolado for one week only, Nymphomaniac Nights and Swedish Au Pairs. † This shows that the pair are eager to learn about subjects that they are interested in, and demonstrates them growing up. Also the names like â€Å"Nymphomaniac Nights† and â€Å"Swedish Au Pairs. † Are subtle and could be much more graphic in there description, and whilst performing the play we don’t actually have to show the film, as we can just simulate it. Two teenagers going to watch an erotic film will almost certainly lead to them discussing it in detail to each other, including them making references to the female body. This once again shows them growing up, but also demonstrates the differences caused by the upbringing. This is shown when Micky stops to talk to Linda, where as Eddie jus continues his chat of â€Å"Tits, Tits, Tits,† whilst oblivious to anything else. This shows that although having enjoyed the film Micky is un-phased and continues to act normally shortly after watching it. Eddie however is constantly going on about the film for quite a while after, showing that he has had a more sheltered upbringing. There are many other themes in the play that can be used against it, but these are far weaker in there argument. One of these is the presence on guns and violence in the play. Children today are exposed to violence from a very young age and guns are just a part of that. Also children play with guns from a young age to, and there fore have become desensitised to the violence. The theme of romance and relationships is relevant to the age group that will be performing the play, and also has the sub-theme of childhood sweethearts. Also the Edward/Linda relationship is realistic and does happen in the real world. Tragedy also plays a big part as the whole play is structured towards it. However as the audience see a small clip at the beginning that shows the end, it doesn’t comes as a surprise. Tragedy is a common ending to many stories. Mrs Johnstone makes a big deal about superstitions in the play, and they set up the ending. This demonstrates a contrast to Mrs Lyons as she thinks that superstitions are stupid and pointless. However the biggest theme in the play is class differences. This is in effect the whole play and shows how children are aware of it at a very young age, but it only really affects them as they get older. I hope I have portrayed my opinion of the play and the decision to stop the production of it.

Chanakya On Military Mobilization History Essay

Chanakya On Military Mobilization History Essay Ancient India produced many philosophers and strategists, whose works contribute immensely to understand the great civilization and its religions even today. Of all the great thinkers and strategists who left their mark in Indian history, Chanakya is perhaps the most important, because it was his strategy that led to the realization of the idea of a unified India. It was his student Chandra Gupta Maurya who followed his strategy to unify India in 321 BC. Unlike many other contemporary Indian thinkers who focused on religion and thought of heavenly realms, Chanakya had his feet firmly planted on the ground and thought about the ways to make a country rich and powerful. His book on statecraft, Arthashastra, is one of the first books by any Indian author to highlight the importance of the military in the smooth functioning of the state. In other words, he was a realist who understood the power a strong standing military in sending out a clear signal to other countries and its contribut ion to bolstering national pride. It was his emphasis on military, diplomacy and covert operations and his ruthless practicality that earned him his nickname, Kautilya, the shrewd one who employed all means possible to keep the national pride intact. Although there are a lot of controversies about the identity of Chanakya, a master strategist and kingmaker, it is beyond the scope of this article. The article will only deal with his views-or what is now regarded as his view by many scholars-on military mobilization. Chanakya comes out as one of the first strategists who not only wrote on how to mobilize the military, but also how to organize it. As someone who grew up witnessing wars among the various kingdoms and republics that existed in India then, and also having witnessed Alexander’s invasion of India, he clearly saw the need for a strong unified India that would be peaceful and deal with others on its own terms. And he clearly realized that to turn his dream of a strong India, a strong military was a must. Without a strong military to back the ruler in conducting his domestic and foreign policy, he realized, the country would perish. Thus, in his book he highlights the importance of military, how to organize and mobilize it when needed. His chapters on military reads like chapters from any modern book on military science. It is hard to imagine that more than 2,000 years ago, he thought of sending a medical unit to campaigns to take care of the wounded. In Arthashastra, he clearly highlights the need to divide the military in units and battalions, with their respective flags and commanders. He also writes on the chain of command and how to maintain it. And like any modern book on military science, also mentions the importance of covert operations and psychological warfare to subdue the enemy. More than that, he clearly writes the criteria for choosing the commanders of each unit. For example, the one who heads the infantry has to have battle experie nce, know about the weapons necessary for his troops. Similarly, the one heading the cavalry should be able to choose the best horses for his unit, and know how all things about the horses. Similarly the officers heading the chariot and elephant units too should have knowledge and experience in choosing the right equipments and animals for their units.