Edgar Allan Poe s Natural Gift For The Art Of Literature

Edgar Allan Poe expanded on his natural gift for the art of literature through his parental history and his eventful life, with ups and downs, love and critique. This man found success in small doses, quickly to be taken away for him—even in his last, sorrowful years. Despite everything, it’s obvious that his natural gift for writing didn’t give him the choice to become a writer—author and poet, he was fated to this career path. Starting off his parental history, there’s the predisposed event of his birth on January 19, 1809. His mother, an actress living in the time of Founding Fathers—only a decade after American Revolution—didn’t have the most prestigious career path, as the arts were underappreciated. Theatre was mocked, and Edgar’s mother, Elizabeth Arnold, was faced with the illegality of Massachusetts law against such literary art. Then, there’s David Poe Jr., who was Edgar’s father. This man wasnâ₠¬â„¢t present for Edgar’s birth, and he was dead soon after, just like Elizabeth. She died of tuberculosis at the age of 24. Little Edgar, aged between two and three, is left parentless. One might assume that the parents of Edgar Allan Poe left no impact upon him other than being an orphan; on the contrary, Elizabeth and David had everything to do with Edgar’s life. There are parallels seen through the relationship between the men in Edgar’s life to the relationship between David and Edgar, and the same can be said with the women in Edgar’s life and Elizabeth. PicturingShow MoreRelatedBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermonsRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 Pagescompletely†©remove†©nature†©from†©their†©lives.†© As†©for†©the†©symbol†©of†©the†©axe,†©or†©broadaxe,†©it†©was†©commonly†©used†©in†©the†©19th†©century†© to†©shape†©timber†©used†©to†©build†©log†©cabins.†©These†©are†©the†©places†©where†©man†©is†©closest†©to†© nature†©and†©can†©revert†©to†©his†©natural†©form.†©It†©allows†©him†©to†©reflect†©and†©observe,†©far†©away†© from†© society.†© Henry†© David†© Thoreau†© went†© to†© live†© in†© a†© wood†© cabin†© for†© two†© years.†© He†© relatedâ⠂¬ ©this†©experience†©in†©an†©essay†©called†©Walden†©which†©might†©have†©influenced†©Whitman†© whose†© career

Analysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken - 808 Words

Justice Craig April 25, 2016 Poetry Analysis â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh/Somewhere ages and ages hence:/Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--/I took the one less traveled by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these are famous lines from a classic poem written by Robert Frost. The poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† was one of many poems written by Frost. This well-known poem is about the struggle of a traveler decision between two routes he could take. It has both literal and metaphorical meaning; the roads can also symbolize two paths of life to follow. The Road Not Taken is told from a first-person point of view. The narrator describes the events that happened to him, using I to describe himself. This point of view allows the reader to understand the character s thoughts and actions to the full extent. The poet adheres to a traditional style. One of the major themes in this poem is indecision. This is based on the reality that the person in the poem has to choose between two paths in the woods. Both paths have equally been worn but he must only walk one road. Metaphorically, the speaker has to decide between â€Å"staying on the straight and narrow† easier path and the other which, perhaps, may be the better moral choice. While sometimes it may be easier to take a path in life that is smoother, the narrator states that the path that is less traveled is the better one. Taking that path made a difference in his life. In this poem, the word road means a path that someone can travelShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken 849 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† poem, and is present in the poetic piece of Blanche Farley’s â€Å"The Lover Not Taken.† A large percentage of the stanzas in each poem harmonize each other, and they both use similar words . For example, in the first stanza of each poem and be one traveler, long I stood (Frost), and and mulling it over, long she stood. (Blanche). Both lines are two peas in a pod, and they are a five stanza poem that identically rhyme. Although both poems share many similar aspectsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken 1191 Words   |  5 Pages The poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is about how the author himself has come to a split in a path while walking in the woods without a map. The season is fall, and the leaves are turning red and yellow. He isn’t sure which way he should go, and he wishes he didn’t have to choose and could go both ways. He looks down one path as far as he can see, but he then decides to take the other. The path he decides to take is not quite as worn as the other one, the leaves are freshly fallen with no foot prints orRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken By Gwendolyn Brooks980 Words   |  4 PagesFor my analysi s I chose to look at two poems where the authors transform the readers into the speakers. I will be analyzing â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost and â€Å"the mother† by Gwendolyn Brooks. Both of these poems show decisions made on the speakers part and how the reader can relate to the speakers feelings about their decisions. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† opens with a man in the woods, looking down two equally worn paths. It is a reflection on his part. This incident happened in the past and yearsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 PagesFrost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a grea t clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helped to createRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost912 Words   |  4 Pagesdepicts this dilemma in his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken. The Road Not Taken is a narrative poem consisting of four stanzas of iambic tetrameter and was published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval. In this poem, Robert Frost uses title, imagery, and theme to complicate and lead the reader to unknowingly misunderstand the poem. Through careful explication of these elements of Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† one may discover the true meaning to the ironic and trivial poem that has endured the manyRead MoreThe Road Not Taken A nalysis987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Road Not Taken Analysis The Road Not Taken is a poem written by Robert Frost. This poem is a great candidate to be one of the world s best and this analysis will unveil why it is so. The poetic devices used in the poem bring forth its deeper meaning which ultimately resonates with the reader s emotions. However not only this poem is great because of the literary experience it gives but it is also beautiful on a simple structural level. First lets look at the structural aspectRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1257 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Analysis on â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Why is it so common for people to regret the path they have chosen in life? Robert Frost attempts to answer this question throughout the poem by using many literary devices. In other terms, the poet is alluding to a lesson in everyones life; Once a path is being determined, it is inevitable to change the choices because they are in the past. The poet uses imagery to create a visual picture in the readers head of two paths in the woods with the freedomRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost And Death, Be Not Proud798 Words   |  4 PagesComposition 22 April 2015 Poetic Analysis â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost and â€Å"Death, be not proud† by John Donne are two poems with different meanings but share one of many of the same themes. Although the poems share different meanings as a whole, the reader can conclude the same common theme from both of these poems. Even though the reader may think the poems lack a same common theme, the theme is revealed by the end of both these poems. These two poems share the same theme of hopes andRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s P oem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poet

Pharmaceutical Sector in Seeking Market Entry

Question: Discuss about the Pharmaceutical Sector in Seeking Market Entry. Answer: Introduction: Economic development determines the causes and impacts on the health of the population of a country. It is determined by the pharmaceutical industry existing in the country. The role of the pharmaceutical industry is to discover, create and develop, produce, and market the productions for use as medications. The pharmaceutical firms deal with generic and brand medications. Several medical devices also fall under the product domain of the industry. This industry is different in different countries according to the countries' rules and regulations regarding the health sector. As stated by Desai (2015), the laws incorporate patents, tests, safety, efficacy, and marketing the products. This industry contributes to the well-being of people by providing both health care and economic assistance. The pharmaceutical sector absorbs a huge portion of the labour force of a country. The industry provides benefits to the socio-economic structure by creating jobs, supply chains, and community devel opment. It is also responsible for several technological innovations which increase efficiency by reducing the cost of production. The pharmaceutical industry has shown a growth rate of eight percent on an average, all over the world. As stated by Duggan, Garthwaite and Goyal (2016), worldwide around $650 billion USD turnover has been presented by the industry. The economy of the United Kingdom was a major player in the European Union which had presented a share of a twenty-eight percent of the turnover. In terms of volume, the developing countries are way ahead of the developed nations like the United Kingdom due to their size, population, diseases, and other reasons. For the United Kingdom, the pharmaceutical industry as generated a huge trade surplus over the past ten years. According to Gernaey, Cervera and Woodley (2012), the surplus was accounted more than 2.8 billion in the year 2013. In this country, the people working in the pharmaceutical industry earn more than their counterparts from other industries. The pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom shows a bright future due to its consistent succes s in research and development wing. According to Jenkins and Oram (2013), for this purpose, every year, the company uses a huge portion of the resources available. The outcomes deliver mostly positive results making the investments worthy. This is the core of the pharmaceutical industry. The health conditions and the diseases which are known to the humankind are changing with time. As stated Morel, Popa and Simoens (2014), it requires a lot of research and development to evolve the available products to meet the purposes which the new situations demand. It also involves creating new ideas to fight the diseases which still do not have a cure. The pharmaceutical industry of India incorporates branded drug manufacturers, generic drug creators, biopharmaceutical producing and developing companies, manufacturers of non-prescription drugs, and the researchers who look for new drugs, and solutions for different diseases. As stated by Garavaglia et al. (2013), the research and development activities in this country are mainly sponsored by the universities, hospitals and nursing care units, and several research centers. In terms of volume, India stands fourth with eight percent share, making the country the thirteenth in terms of value. Political Economy of the target country: After globalization, the economy of India grew rapidly to become a $1.3 trillion USD economy. According to Horner (2013), the country has its self sufficient agricultural sector and a moderate industrial base. The financial sector and the service sector of the country have grown to be stable and become one of the biggest in the world. Before the Global Financial Crisis, the country had shown an average growth rate of 8.8 percent. Due to some turbulence in the trade sector, the country's growth got halted and resumed during 2009-11 financial years with 8.4 percent growth rate. The population of the country is over 1.21 billion, the second highest in the world. The country consists of a large middle-class domain, which mainly determines the economic activities in the country. According to Roschangar, Sheldon and Senanayake (2015), the demographic advantages fuel the countrys development. The number of people working in the technical production process of the country is huge, creating a large market for the pharmaceutical industry. The Indian pharmaceutical industry grew during the period 1995 2008. The production performance of the country improved significantly since during this period. Presently, the pharmaceutical industry in the country is a $19 billion industry which shows the scope of tremendous growth in the coming years. The pharmaceutical industry is the second largest regarding exports, exporting to more than hundred countries all over the world. A higher investment in the countrys health industry can earn a large profit for the domestic countrys pharmaceutical sector. The political scenario of India is stable under the BJP leader Narendra Modi, who has promised the Indian citizen an inclusive growth with the help of the Foreign Direct Investment. The United Kingdom has a colonial history with the country making the idea of expansion a strong one. The new economic activities in the country have been stirred due to the demonetization policy of the government authorities creating a window for investin g in the countrys market. The forecasts by different economists along with those, who are working for the Reserve Bank o India, have suggested that the country will keep on witnessing a growth rate over 6.5 percent for many years. This is way greater than the other developing nations. The reason behind this is the advantageous demographic profile of the country and an existing robust service sector. The Information Technology sector of the country has shown a rapid growth, based on which the country became a major offshore business service provider. According to Khanna (2012), the government of India has given priorities to the reform of the public sector, agriculture, removing labour regulations, rural and backward development, and infrastructure. These reforms have made the country attractive towards the investors from the foreign economies. As stated by Schuhmacher et al. (2013), the rate of interest rate in the country is open to investments. The Foreign Domestic Investments in India comes through some promotional routes which have been created by the government to encourage foreign investors investing in the Indian economy. For example, there exists Automatic route which allows Foreign Domestic Investment to get in the economy without any prior allowance of the government and the Reserve Bank of India. The Government route requires the Foreign Domestic Investments to gather allowance before entering the Indian market. As stated by Jong (2013), this process takes more time but offers a better involvement of in the boom that has been forecasted by the economists. The pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom can make a clear profit both in monetary terms and in social terms as given below: Being a part of the economic boom which awaits India will help the economy of the United Kingdom to improve in the post-Brexit period. The colonial tie between the countries will play a huge role in his regard. The post-Brexit period offers the economy a tremendous opportunity to incorporate employees from all over the world without giving any importance to the European providers. The educated Indian labour force offers the economy of the United Kingdom an efficient production process with the diversified working environment. According to DiMasi, Grabowski and Hansen (2016), this will also help the United Kingdoms pharmaceutical industry to create a better reputation all over the world. Location Advantage: Understanding the future of the pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom in the foreign market of India requires a proper analysis of the business environment of the Indian market. This purpose can be best meet by the Porter Diamond Framework as given below: As the figure above shows the pharmaceutical industry of India where the industry of the United Kingdom is planning to enter has the following characteristics: Power of the suppliers of the inputs: India being a large country with plenty of different kinds of resources and very populated has a large number of suppliers of the inputs that are needed in the production of drugs and other health care products. According to Michelino et al. (2015), the government policies are created in order to facilitate both the suppliers and the producers. The producers get the help from the government through subsidies and tax cuts. The strength of the labour union in the suppliers market is not at par to the requirement, providing the suppliers less power than its potential. As a result, the large number of suppliers has made them price takers. Threat of substitute products and drugs in the market: The pharmaceutical industry of India is on its way to become the third in the world in the category of the volume of the market. This makes there are many producers operating in the country. It means, the products being sold in the market are easy replaceable. Other countries who are trade partners of India like the United States of America will challenge the goods which will be provided by the British industry. According to Roemer (2013), the firms operating in the pharmaceutical industry survives by constant research and developing new strategies, innovating products, identifying new diseases, and creating better drugs and other products. Hence, there lies a huge threat of substituting products in pharmaceutical market of India. Power of the consumers in the market of pharmaceutical products: Due to high population in the country the number of buyers in the pharmaceutical market is high, making the consumers price takers. They have no control over the market prices. The products of this industry face an in elastic demand curve. This means, no matter what the price is, the consumers will pay to avail the products. The pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom thus has an incentive to enter into the Indian market. The population size also ensures high revenue level in the case of a successful product launch. Barriers to entry in the pharmaceutical products market of India: The barriers to enter the market of any country come from two sides. One is the government rules and regulations and the other is the market competition which works as barriers. In the case of India, the government rules and regulations are right now in the favour of Foreign Domestic Investment which makes entering the market of the country easily. The market competition is high in India since the globalization of 1990. To survive in this market, the firms have to invest more on marketing the products along with the research and development. Consistent evolving can make a firm in this industry sustainable in India. Competition in the market of pharmaceutical industry in India: According to Gassmann, Reepmeyer and Zedtwitz (2013), the pharmaceutical industry of India is expected to grow over fifteen percent in the next five years. By the year 2020, the industry India will value $55 billion USD. This makes entering the market of India more lucrative for the industry of the United Kingdom. The Pharma Vision 2020 unveiled by the government of India which allows foreign firms to join in the market faster. This increases the competition in the market. According to Sams (2013), the major players currently operating in the Indian market are Sun Pharmaceutical, Lupin Ltd, Dr. Reddys Laboratories, and Cipla. These companies have the major market share. The competitive market structure of India can offer the Pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom a healthy competition. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of operating in the pharmaceutical industry of India, the following table is provided. Advantages: Disadvantages: India has the center spot in Asia and with a huge market structure ensuring a big consumer domain. India being a fast growing economy has the potential of generating high revenue. With the huge market size, the pharmaceutical industry of India has the potential to grow to be one of the biggest industry holders. Products of the pharmaceutical industry of India can be distributed all over Asia due t its geographical location. Lower cost of production of the country will generate more profit. The skilled labour force of India will perform better in this industry with the proper implementation of the available resources and technologies. The market of Australia can be reached easily from India. India offers low cost of research and development. India possesses a growing biotechnology industry. The household income of the population in India is fast rising. The government India provides incentives to the investors which makes creating a plant easy. Colonial tie between the two countries. The high competitiveness of the market can edge out a firm which fails to produce innovative results. Issues with security and discipline. Patent protection laws are weak in the country making product reengineering easy for the competitors. The prices of the products has to be approved by the government which means government intervention it e country is high. Competition from the neighbour country China is growing with time. Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of the Indian Market. Source: As created by the author. Market Entry: The market entry strategies that are available for the Indian market are: Fully owned manufacturing facilities. Joint venture with an existing firm. Merging and Acquisition. Contract manufacturing. According to Dutt and Vidal (2016), the United Kingdom being one of the biggest stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry has all these market entry strategies as option. Choosing between these will need a detailed analysis in the grass root level. The present scenario of the two countries gives the option of Merging and acquisition as the best possible market entry strategy. Explanation: According to Jungmittag, Reger and Reiss (2013), entering the Indian market with fully owned manufacturing facilities will cost a huge amount of money to the firms of the United Kingdom pharmaceutical industry while the return from the industry is still unsure. Joint venture with an existing firm will bring in the firms of the United Kingdom less profit which it can achieve by working to its full potential. Contract manufacturing itself will possess a dead end for a firm with its low innovative ideas. It will decrease a firms sustainability. According to Sheela and Karthikeyan (2012), merging and acquisition hold bright future for a firm entering the market of India. The acquisition is the best option as it adds up the experience of both the firms. The acquired firm has the knowledge of the market and industry as well, which can be used in favour of the parent firm. It will reduce the market risks that are a part of the Indian market. It will also make the integration easier for the new firm. Finding employees and staffs for the new firm will be easier this way. The economies of scale can also be achieved readily by this market entry strategy. According to Song (2016), it will also reduce the promotion costs for the foreign firm. The market distribution channel will be readily available, which will increase efficiency for the firm. Modes of operation: According to DiMasi, Grabowski and Hansen (2016), the potential implementation and the post entry issues hold the major risks for using the merging and acquisition strategy while entering the Indian market. It possesses the primary day to day challenges with new systems which might be unstable. As stated by Comanor and Scherer (2013), the acquisition might change people's jobs in the same firm or change the required skill sets. Thus, the acquisition must consider the views of the consumer domain and align with the new processes. The marketing management risks are lower in this strategy as the previous experience of the old firm are there to be used as the guidelines for the acquiring firm. Using the existing market strategy with required updates can help the company in the quick expansion. According to Kabir (2013), the management can face significant challenges after acquisition regarding the employees as their rising uncertainty about the new firm's targets and intentions. The change of production and marketing strategy can confuse the employees about their roles in the production process. Due to the change in hierarchy, the current managers can get troubled to cope up with the changes and challenges that the market can present in front of the organization. The strength of the human resource management faces various challenges to make the employees understand about their new determined roles. According to Bouet (2015), the allocation of available resources changes with the new strategy. It can hamper the production process of the firm. It will directly hit the earning capability of the company. According to Guler and Nerkar (2012), it can become a challenge for the Human Resource department retaining the diversity during the transition. The consumer relationship also faces problems due to the change of authority. The change of quality and prices associated with the change might hamper the reputation of the firm. Conclusion: The Indian market for the pharmaceutical industry is huge than most of the developing countries. India has a favourable geographical position for exporting the products all over the Asia and even Australia. The pharmaceutical industry of the United Kingdom is one of the largest in the world in the terms of its share in the world market while India is leading due to its large volume. The combination of both can create a huge potential for the industries of the two countries after joining. The portfolio report shows that entering the Indian market has a huge profit earning potential for both the countries. It makes both the countries Pareto efficient. The negative traits of the Indian market can cause risks for the firms of the United Kingdom, but those can be avoided with proper strategy implementation. The best market entry strategy for the firms of the United Kingdom is Merging and acquisition. The advantages of the location can be utilised to earn sustainability in the Indian marke t. References: Bouet, D., 2015. A study of intellectual property protection policies and innovation in the Indian pharmaceutical industry and beyond. Technovation, 38, pp.31-41. Comanor, W.S. and Scherer, F.M., 2013. Mergers and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of health economics, 32(1), pp.106-113. de Jong, H.W., 2013. The structure of European industry. Springer Science Business Media. Desai, S.R., 2015. Competitive dynamics An empirical analysis of large pharmaceutical companies in India. DiMasi, J.A., Grabowski, H.G. and Hansen, R.W., 2016. Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: new estimates of RD costs. Journal of health economics, 47, pp.20-33. Duggan, M., Garthwaite, C. and Goyal, A., 2016. The market impacts of pharmaceutical product patents in developing countries: Evidence from India. The American Economic Review, 106(1), pp.99-135. Dutt, N. and Vidal, E., 2016. Small Changes, Big Growth: The Relationship between Divestitures and Knowledge Growth in the Global Pharmaceutical Industry. Garavaglia, C., Malerba, F., Orsenigo, L. and Pezzoni, M., 2013. A simulation model of the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry: A history-friendly model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 16(4), p.5. Gassmann, O., Reepmeyer, G. and von Zedtwitz, M., 2013. Leading pharmaceutical innovation: Trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Springer Science Business Media. Gernaey, K.V., Cervera-Padrell, A.E. and Woodley, J.M., 2012. Development of continuous pharmaceutical production processes supported by process systems engineering methods and tools. Future medicinal chemistry, 4(11), pp.1371-1374. Guler, I. and Nerkar, A., 2012. The impact of global and local cohesion on innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 33(5), pp.535-549. Horner, R., 2013. Strategic decoupling, recoupling and global production networks: Indias pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Economic Geography, p.lbt022. Jenkins, J.O. and Oram, S., 2013. Water use attitudes in the UK pharmaceutical industry. Water and Environment Journal, 27(4), pp.575-580. Jungmittag, A., Reger, G. and Reiss, T. eds., 2013. Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Kabir, M.I., 2013. Reverse logistics in pharmaceutical industry. International journal of supply chain management, 2(1). Khanna, I., 2012. Drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry: productivity challenges and trends. Drug discovery today, 17(19), pp.1088-1102. Michelino, F., Lamberti, E., Cammarano, A. and Caputo, M., 2015. Measuring open innovation in the Bio?Pharmaceutical industry. Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(1), pp.4-28. Morel, T., Popa, C. and Simoens, S., 2014. Market watch: Are orphan drug companies the pick of the pharmaceutical industry?. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 13(1), pp.10-10. Roemer-Mahler, A., 2013. Business conflict and global politics: the pharmaceutical industry and the global protection of intellectual property rights. Review of International Political Economy, 20(1), pp.121-152. Roschangar, F., Sheldon, R.A. and Senanayake, C.H., 2015. Overcoming barriers to green chemistry in the pharmaceutical industrythe Green Aspiration Level concept. Green Chemistry, 17(2), pp.752-768. Sams-Dodd, F., 2013. Is poor research the cause of the declining productivity of the pharmaceutical industry? An industry in need of a paradigm shift. Drug discovery today, 18(5), pp.211-217. Schuhmacher, A., Germann, P.G., Trill, H. and Gassmann, O., 2013. Models for open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Drug Discovery Today, 18(23), pp.1133-1137. Sheela, S.C. and Karthikeyan, K., 2012. Financial performance of pharmaceutical industry in India using dupont analysis. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(14), pp.84-91. Song, C.H., 2016. Understanding the aftermath of Brexit: implications for the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical Medicine, 30(5), pp.253-256.

Intro to Humanities free essay sample

It Is termed Classical Humanism because It was born during that time period. Classical Humanism had an Impact during the Renaissance Era. An example of classical humanism is reflected through the Athens Acropolis. This is the trademark monument of Athens and of Greece. Surrounded by the new Athens, the Parthenon still stands proudly over It, a reminder of the old aura of the city. The Acropolis and its Parthenon are the ultimate achievement of the citys classical architecture and symbol of greatness. Parthenon is a building which was burnt by Persians when it was under construction.It is basically a construction of a Greek temple dedicated to Greek goddess Athena Palls or Parthenon (virgin). The Parthenon Is a temple of the Doric order with eight columns at the facade, and seventeen columns at the flanks, conforming to the established ratio of 9:4. This ratio governed the vertical and horizontal proportions of the temple as well as many other relationships of the building like the spacing between the columns and their height. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro to Humanities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most amazing fact about this perfect achievement Is that Its columns are made In a zigzag as to give the Impression that Its foundations are straight. The combination of Doric mottoes and the Ionic frieze on the walls are considered unique masterpieces. On the east side, the mottoes depict the fight of the Gods against the Giants, and on the east side, the Lappet battle against the Centaurs. The south side shows the triumph of the Greeks against the Amazons and the north the victory of the Athenian on the Trojan. The frieze that covers the sides of the temple depicts the most important religious festival in Ancient Greece, the Pantheon. The designs include the figure of Gods, animals, and more than 360 humans.The temples two pediments show the birth of Athena and the fight between her and Poseidon for the name of the city. Elgin The Athens acropolis, Pantheon, was built ring the classical period and dedicated to some aspect of the god Athena. The architecture and decoration was mirrored to reflect interests of the people of Greece and symbolism of greatness. Reference www. Witches. CBS. Deed/sacredness/acropolis. HTML www. Goddess-Athena. Org/Museum/Temples/Parthenon/ www. Ancient-Greece. Org/architecture/Parthenon. HTML FIFO Question #1 : Discuss the role of Christian monasticism in sustaining European civilization during the early Middle Ages. Refer to specifically to monasticism contributions to the arts, learning, and education from the age of Charlemagne to Peter Ballard. Christian monasticism is a calling that very early believers pursued. All of the early believers had three essential vows: poverty, chastity, and obedience. They all believed that they are dedicating ones life to prayer and devotion to the sprit. Giving up on materials possessions provided a way to dedicating ones life to shadowing Chrisms apostles was the road to salvation.The first European area to adopt monasticism was Ireland and later spread to France. It spread of monasticism lead to great influences in the areas artistic expression, learning, and education. The early expression of monastic influence in architecture was seen in the building of the great Abbey of Carolingian Age which is known as the plan of SST. Gall. It was centered by the theme of a great church. The church was always the most imposing feature of a monastic complex. By its size and hierarchical complexity, it expressed many of the aspirations of the community to which it belonged.It also gave some indication of the Anneal and prosperity of the monastery and, inside, would probably commemorate patrons who provided sustained support to the community. The most precious unman remains in a monastic church were the relics of saints preserved in shrines behind the high altar. The Church became a center for learning, with the monks becoming cultural carriers transmitting the written treasures of the past by preserving and copying ancient texts. An example of this would be Horsiest. Horsiest rote books about Christian legends and wrote Roman dramas with an Christian spin to it. Often, the only literate members of society were the monks/priest. It was the monks who made and transmitted written copies of the Bible and other ancient Norms from generation to generation. They organized some of the first libraries. They conducted scientific and other research to benefit the surrounding communities. They were expert farmers who were able to pass on the benefits of their expertise to peasants on the large manors. Monasticism has played a vital role in the creation, preservation, and transmission of culture.This is especially true of the Christian Monasticism during the Middle Ages. References: http://www. Misapplications. Org/ http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Monastic_school Adventures in the Human Spirit, Philip Bishop DEEDED Intro to Humanities Unit 3 writing assignment Question #2: Define three essentials elements of the baroque style in the arts and illustrate these elements with three details examples of baroque art. Choose your examples from two different artistic media (painting, music, architecture, sculpture period in Western European art music from about 1600 to 1750.The Baroque period is a style that uses excessive motion and simply interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance and music. The desire to evoke emotional states by appealing to the senses in dramatic way is the basic principle of the baroque period. One of the best illustrations of the baroque period is through music. Contrast is an important Ingredient in the drama of a baroque composition. The differences between loud and soft, solo and ensemble, different instruments and timbres all play an important role in many baroque compositions.Composers also began to be more precise about instrumentation, often specifying the instruments on which a piece should be played instead of allowing the performer to choose. Also unity of mood is another key to baroque music. What is happy will be happy throughout and what is sad continues to the end. Composers molded the musical language to fit mood. Some definite rhythms ND melodic patterns are used to define certain moods and expressions. The prime exception of this characteristic to this baroque principle of the unity of mood is drastic changes of emotions in the text may inspire corresponding changes in music.But even in such cases, the certain mood will continue for quite some time before it changes to another. Images are direct, obvious, and dramatic. Another illustration of the elements of the Baroque period is through Art. The Baroque art shares the all the same principles of its era. It tries to draw the viewer into the scene and is emotionally intense in its depictions. It will be physically and psychologically real while using dramatic use of color and contrasts of light to dark. The Crucifixion of Saint Peter is exemplifies the elements of the baroque period. In this painting, SST.Peter is being crucified. He asked to be hung from his cross upside-down as not to imitate his Lord. Rhea divine light shines on Peter while the faces of the Romans are masked by shadows. The architecture in the Baroque period was used in two main ways, churches and palaces. Complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration of spaces were favored to heighten he feeling of motion and sensuality. Other characteristic qualities include grandeur, drama and contrast (especially in lighting), rounded, and twisting elements.Architects like to apply bright colors and vividly painted ceilings. An example of this is shown through the new SST. Palls Cathedral in London. The Baroque period was extremely influential in this time period and has been shown throughout the various artistic medias. References: http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/drogue_architecture http://www. Bilbo. Org/won/paint/glow/baroque/ Unit 4 writing assignment Question #2: Evaluate modernity as a shaping force in nineteenth-century Western Civilization, noting both its positive and negative effects as reflected in the works of artists and thinkers of the industrial age.Modernism began in the nineteenth century and it has closely been known with industrialization and arbitration. During 19th century, the world observed the rapid areas. This had a profound influence in artists and thinkers of this era. Many artists set aside the traditional limitations of art and began to depict contemporary life through experimental forms and new ways. These new attitudes were reinforced by scientific discoveries of the time that seemed to question the solidness of the real Nor and the reliability of perception.The nineteenth century saw the development of synthetic pigments for artists paints, providing vibrant shades of blue, green, and {allow that painters had never used before. This is seen through several artists. An example would be Manatees Boating. Almost all the modern artists tried to move away from reality and move towards pure color or ideas. An example of this is shown through the work of Malachites Black Square. Through abstract art, they could convey message of artistic beauty and vision. Another positive influence of modernity was room the philosophical thinkers like Freud.