Essay on Low Income Families Living in Food Deserts

Many of the people living in food deserts are people with low income. These low-income families often turn to the junk food provided at the convenience stores and fast food restaurants because it is all they can afford. Socio-economic status is a defining characteristic of food deserts. Food deserts are most commonly found in areas dominated by minorities and low-income families. Studies show that wealthy areas have about triple the amount of supermarkets as poor urban areas do. In addition to this, predominantly white communities have about 4 times as many grocery stores as predominantly black ones do. Studies also show that grocery stores in African-American neighborhoods are usually smaller and have less option when it comes to the†¦show more content†¦In both suburban and rural areas, public transportation is either unavailable or very limited, with grocery stores miles away from residents’ homes. In cases where public transportation is unavailable people are left with little to no options and must conform to the unhealthy foods due to convenience. If there is a McDonald’s on the corner of a street near you and a Burger King or KFC on the opposite street, it is pretty easy to assume that those will become a person with no transportation’s only options for food. They really do not have much of choice if the nearest grocery store is miles away and these fast food restaurants are within walking distance. Those residing in food desert communities are left with a small hand full of options when they do not have a car of their own. They have no choice but to use private cars, such as taxis, or to travel several miles on foot, or use public transit to get to healthful food stores. People without cars become dependent on food sources in their nearest proximity. In rural urban food desert areas, the distance to healthful, nutritious food access is near impossible on foot. According to a report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ap proximately 2.4 million families in the United States are more than a mile from a grocery store and do not have access to a vehicle. The physical distance from full service grocery stores leaves people in these food deserts to be more likely to purchase foodShow MoreRelatedFood Of A Food Desert1745 Words   |  7 Pages 2014 Food Deserts One huge problem that the United States faces today are the large numbers of food deserts. A food desert, according to the United States department of Agriculture, is a neighborhood that has a difficult time getting quality and affordable food to their home. This means that people are not properly being fed and getting the nutrition needed for a healthy diet. The good quality food that is needed to maintain this balance is not near or affordable for the people living in theseRead MoreFood Deserts in Chicago1741 Words   |  7 Pagesto produce healthy foods. The increasing amount of food deserts and lack of family income contributes to African-American obesity rates, and lack of healthy choices. Ironically, these food desserts reside in communities plagued by poverty. These income restrictions also add to the problems that are part of being in a food desert. Literature Review Mari Gallagher(2006). Examining the Impact of Food Deserts on Public Health in Chicago Food deserts are places where healthy foods are not produced norRead MoreFood Deserts Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesFood deserts are one of the main causes of obesity in lower income areas, and while initiatives are being created to solve this problem, more than just a few initiatives are needed to change the obesity issue. Over 60 million people are obese in the world today. The socioeconomic statuses of the Americans play a major part in the obesity rates across the country. People with higher incomes are less likely to be obese than people with lower incomes. One in every seven preschool-aged childrenRead MoreFood Areas Associated By Poor Access For Healthy And Affordable Food896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Food deserts,† areas characterized by relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food, may contribute to social disparities in diet and diet-related health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease and obesity (Beaulac, Kristjansson, Cummins, 2009). The term â€Å"food desert† reportedly originated in Scotland in the early 1990s and was used to describe poor access to an affordable and healthy diet (Beaulac, Kristjansson, Cummins, 2009). Although the term â€Å"food desert† can mean a literal absenceRead MoreSummary Of A Place At The Table 993 Words   |  4 Pagesaskin g and begging for food in the streets. However, what we fail to understand is that hunger is closer to us than what we think. A fellow co-worker or perhaps even the next door neighbor may be an example of someone who suffers from food insecurity. Food insecurity is when a person does not know when or where the next meal will come from. Food insecurity is most likely to develop in food deserts, a place where there is little to no fruits, vegetables and whole healthy foods. The documentary, A PlaceRead MorePersuasive Essay On Fast Food1338 Words   |  6 Pages that is not a good look. Food is an essential part of everyones lives and culture. It shows the diversity and unique aspects of different cultural beliefs. Areas are lack healthy grocers and fresh food, meanwhile there are plenty fast food restaurants. These places are called â€Å"food deserts†. The question is how do we fix that? With programs,educations and local farms. The fast food industry has completely ruined ou r nation. This is causing them to eat out at fast food restaurants more than theyRead MoreFood Deserts And Its Effects On Unhealthy Food871 Words   |  4 PagesFood deserts are defined as areas of relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food. This phenomenon is thought to contribute to social disparities in diet and diet-related health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease and obesity (Beaulac, Kristjansson, Cummins, 2009). The term â€Å"food desert† reportedly originated in Scotland in the early 1990s to describe poor access to an affordable and healthy diet (Beaulac, Kristjansson, Cummins, 2009). Although food deserts can mean a literal absenceRead MoreFood Areas Of The United States1251 Words   |  6 Pageshungry due to limited access to nutritional food on a regular basis. There is a vast disparity in those with access to food based on a number of factors, such as race, access to private transportation, and income. These factors all stem from one overarch ing idea, geography. Those without access to nutritional food originate from low-income areas that are miles away from a supermarket and they must depend on local convenience stores. The issue of food deserts therefore arise as particular areas in theRead MoreFood Accessibility1077 Words   |  5 Pages Food accessibility has a huge impact on food security of families. Food accessibility refers to: the access by individuals to adequate resources for acquiring appropriate  foods  for a nutritious diet. Food security is: the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. Throughout the United States 2.3 million people live more than a mile away from a supermarket with no vehicle access. In rural areas, which is considered 20 percent of the United States residentialRead MoreThe Food Of Food And Its Effects On Health And Health1429 Words   |  6 Pages The term â€Å"food desert† was first defined by a British Low Income Project team as â€Å"areas of relative exclusion where people experience physical and economic barriers to accessing healthy foods†. (Reisig and Hobbiss). This description is in reference to the recent shift of food retailers away from urban areas into suburban developments. This is significant because it illustrates that where you live has a direct influence on access to food, and consequently, the quality of food readily available

The Short Story “The Cask Of Amontillado” Describes How

The short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† describes how individual takes revenge on his acquaintance during a carnival in Venice. The main character, Montresor tells his acquaintance, Fortunato about rare wine called Amontillado. Montresor tells Fortunato he has obtained some Amontillado wine and lures him into his cellar. Montresor leads the way into his family catacombs, with the drunk Fortunato following. Afterwards Montresor chains Fortunato to a wall deep in the catacombs, then bricks up the aperture. Fortunato screams for release, but Montresor only mocks him and Fortunato’s body remains undiscovered for fifty years. The two main characters within this work of literature, represent antithesis intentions as the short story progresses.†¦show more content†¦Fortunato appears to be an extreme extrovert. He relishes to inebriate. He has an abundance of cash and evidently relishes spending it on his own delectation. He is wearing a jester s costume when Montresor encounters him on the street. People generally optate costumes that represent what they cerebrate of themselves, how they would relish others to perceive them, and/or what they would relish to be. Fortunato would relish to be thought of as a very hysterical fellow, but if he has injured Montresor a thousand times, then he is the kind of hysterical fellow who relishes to inflict pain. The court jesters of old were often cruel in their jests because they had the aegis of a puissant patron. Many of the injuries Montresor suffered from Fortunato may have been painful digs that hurt his pride. Montresor describes Fortunato as a man to be r everenced and even feared. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† has numerous themes including: Liberation and confinement, as well as apostasy. The contrast between liberation and confinement is extreme because for one character to be free, another must die. Most of the story takes place in an incredibly foul smelling catacomb, or underground graveyard. Dead bodies (or at least bones) abound. Liberation becomes less and less of a possibility as the characters move into more minute and more minuscule crypts, each one more revolting than the last. Such confinement makes both the readers and the charactersShow MoreRelatedRole of Realism in Edagar Allan Poe ´s The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amortillado1014 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe are dark short stories relevant to murder, revenge, and mystery. Poe writes both stories in a Gothic style in order to deal with ideas of realism. One may ask were the murders and punishments justifiable in either shor t story? One may also ask did Poe accurately depict realism in each story? Realism, defined as a technique in literature that accurately represents everyday life, is questioned in Poe’s works: â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask ofRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe uses several different artistic choices in the construction of the story. He manipulates the story to be the way he wants it to be by using the point of view of the narrator, the setting, and a common monotonous sentiment throughout. Poe is successful in maintaining a spirit of perverseness that is prevalent in most of his works. The point of view plays a very important role in influencing the readers perceptionRead MoreSymbolism, Imagery, and Theme Compared Through the Stories â€Å"the Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"the Scarlet Ibis†1035 Words   |  5 PagesImagery, and Theme Compared Through the Stories â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† dark symbols and tones shape the plot, which allows man’s inhumanity to man, as a theme, to be expected. Both authors use imagery to allow readers to paint a picture of each setting in their mind. Also, each author adds in many symbols to make a concrete object into an abstract idea. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The ScarletRead MoreSimilarities Between Edgar Allan Poe And Cask Of Amontillado1638 Words   |  7 Pagesperfecting his style of writing in short stories. His short stories, all usually dealing with the concept of death, relates back to his childhood, linking to his past experiences. As a small child, Poes father had abandoned his family, leaving his mother to take care of him and his sister. When Poe turned three, his mother had passed away due to tuberculosis. Exposed to death at such a young age, it connects to his writing style and how he incorporates death in his stories. Throughout the course of hisRead More The Yellow Wallpaper and The Cask Of Amontillado763 Words   |  4 PagesYellow Wallpaper and The Cask Of Amontillado  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      The short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, written by Charlotte Gilman, and The Cask of Amontillado written by Edgar Allan Poe, are stories in which the plots are very different, but share similar qualities with the elements in the story. The Cask of Amontillado is a powerful tale of revenge, in which the narrator of the tale pledges revenge upon Fortunato for an insult. The Yellow Wallpaper is a story about a woman, her psychologicalRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1559 Words   |  7 PagesPoe, a famous romanticism writer, created a gothic tone in his stories by describing the setting of his stories with vocabulary that helped create the dark plots of stories such as â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Pit and The Pendulum†. Poe’s own foster father, John Allan, stated that â€Å"His (Poe’s) talents are of an order that can never prove comfort to their possessor†. How did Poe create such gothic tones in his stories with only describing the foul settings and wicked plots? EdgarRead MoreThe Theme of Revenge in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesPoe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a frightening and entertaining short story about the severe consequences that result from persistent mockery and an unforgiving heart. Poe’s excellent use of Gothicism within the story sets the perfect tone for a dark and sinister plot of murder to unfold. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† simply overflows with various themes and other literary elements that result from Poe’s Gothic style of writing. Of these various themes, one that tends to dominant the story as a wholeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cask Of The Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† A grudge towards someone is really hard to overcome sometimes especially towards someone that you really trusted, but the results very at times. The grudge towards someone goes away at some point. The pain or betrayal that may have been received may not always be forgotten but forgiven instead. Edgar Allan Poe describes this in the short story â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado.† The short story is about a cold and ruthless killer who is wanting to commit crimeRead MoreCask of Amontillado Thesis Theme1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allen Poe displays the theme of revenge. In the story, Montressor narrates the story and feels he has been wronged by Fortunado and vows for vengeance against him. Montressor attempts to justify his future crime to the reader. â€Å"A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong.† (Poe 1 01) Fortunado is unaware of the wrong he caused MontressorRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolism

The Rivalry Among Existing Firms Strong Free Essays

The Rivalry among existing firms: strong The office supply industry has a large number of players with a high diversity of rivals. Competition is very furies between them because the office supply industry is so divers in product and services they provide; they include high volume office supply, warehouse clubs, online retailers, copy and print businesses, discount retailers and local and regional contract stationers. The large number of competitors in this industry, along with a lack of product differences, with low switching coast for buyers and the ability of the buyers to shop around the internet for the best price. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rivalry Among Existing Firms: Strong or any similar topic only for you Order Now Had made this industry growth to become very slow. source http://360. datamonitor. com/Product? pid=4CA55D31-18F9-44E1-BB86-D1E5E5306887 Rivalry Figure 9: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 Players range in size and product diversity; they include high-volume office supply providers (e. g. Staples), warehouse clubs (e. g. Costco), copy and print businesses (e. g. FedEx Office), online retailers (e. g. Amazon. com), ink cartridge specialty stores, discount retailers, as well as several local and regional contract stationers. Related article: Evaluate External Corporate Communications The large number of players, along with low-cost switching for buyers, low product differentiation, easy expansion by utilizing the internet, and poor market growth in recent years, intensifies rivalry amongst incumbents. This is ameliorated somewhat by the diversity displayed in the product portfolio of some players, such as online retailers and discount retailers, who operate in other markets and are therefore not solely reliant on the revenues generated from the office services and supplies market. Relatively low storage costs and the non-specificity of players’ assets lowers barriers to exit and eases rivalry. Overall, rivalry is strong. FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS The office services supplies market will be analyzed taking retailers of paper, storage, stationary, and office services, such as photocopying, printing and binding as players. The key buyers will be taken as businesses, and manufacturers of paper, storage, stationary, and equipment for photocopying, printing and binding as the key suppliers. Summary Figure 4: Forces driving competition in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 The market is highly fragmented with players ranging from multinational high-volume office supply providers to local stationers. The abundance and diversity of buyers weakens buyer power, whilst low-cost switching, low product differentiation, and high price sensitivity strengthen it. Such factors, along with low brand loyalty and easy access to suppliers and distribution, also contribute to the high likelihood of new entrants. Suppliers are numerous, and low differentiation, along with some backwards integration by players who sell their own branded goods, weakens supplier power. The large number of players, along with low-cost switching for buyers, low product differentiation, easy expansion by utilizing the internet, and poor market growth in recent years, intensifies rivalry amongst incumbents. Buyer power Figure 5: Drivers of buyer power in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 Buyers are numerous and diverse. This, along with the importance of the products and services provided by players to buyers, weakens buyer power. Buyers can range in size from sole proprietors to multinational corporations and buyer power is boosted by larger buyers with greater financial muscle. Large businesses put office services and supplies out to tender bids while smaller businesses can negotiate discounts through trade associations. However, buyer power is sustained by low customer loyalty, low switching costs, low level product differentiation and high price sensitivity, giving customers a wide choice of retailers. The internet has made cost comparison easier, raising price transparency and increasing competition. Overall, buyer power is moderate. Supplier power Figure 6: Drivers of supplier power in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 Suppliers are numerous and diverse with a large array of goods. This scale of competition from low cost economies in the Asia-Pacific places restraints on other suppliers. Players tend to have several suppliers, and this, along with low switching costs, weakens supplier power, particularly in instances where larger players have greater negotiating power. On the other hand, suppliers can offer their products to a wide range of customers, and this serves to increase their supplier power. There are elements of integration within the industry as global players sell their own branded goods. For example, Staples own branded goods represented about 23% of their sales in 2009. The lower pricing of such activities undercuts the power of other suppliers. Overall, supplier power is moderate. New entrants Figure 7: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 Most office supplies are commoditized products, which have little brand loyalty. This, along with low enduser switching costs, little government regulation, and easy access to suppliers and distribution channels, is conducive to the entry of new players into the market. Larger players benefit from scale economies that allow them to compete with high-volume office supply providers that lead the market. Larger players with greater financial muscle would be able to negotiate better contracts with suppliers and therefore achieve better profit margins. Entry can be achieved on a smaller scale by focusing on a specific product range (e. g. an ink cartridge specialty store) or by developing an online retail shop. Poor growth in recent years, with stagnant growth forecast for the 2010-2015 period, decreases the threat of new entrants into the market somewhat. Overall, the threat of new entrants is strong. Substitutes Figure 8: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the office services supplies market in the United States, 2010 Many modern companies are taking strategies to minimize costs and the environmental impact of their operations by moving towards a paperless office format: switching costs are not excessive, as most companies have already invested in appropriate ICT systems. This, therefore, constitutes a serious challenge to those operating primarily with paper-based office products. Storage and stationary may also be influenced by switching to a paperless office format. Office services such as photocopying, printing and binding may be substituted by electronic forms of communications. Overall, the threat of substitutes is moderate. Same source Office Depot, Inc. Table 10: Office Depot, Inc. : key facts Head office: 6600 North Military Trail, Boca Raton, Florida 33496, USA Telephone: 1 561 438 4800 Fax: 1 800 685 5010 Website: www. officedepot. com Financial year-end: January Ticker: ODP Stock exchange: New York Source: company website D A T A M O N I T O R Office Depot is engaged in the supply of office products and services. The company offers national branded and private labeled office products which includes business machines, computers and office furniture. Some of the private brands are Office Depot, Niceday, Foray, Ativa, Break Escapes, Worklife and Christopher Lowell. The company conducts its business through three business divisions: North American retail, North American business solutions and international. The North American retail division sells a range of branded and private branded merchandise including office supplies, business machines and computers, computer software, office furniture and other business related products and services. These products are sold through the company’s chain of office supply stores in the US and Canada. The stores operated by the division also contain a copy, print and ship center which offers graphic designing, printing, reproduction, mailing, shipping, and other services. In 2008, Office Depot started PC support and network installation services to provide in-home, in-office and in-store support for the technology needs of the customers. By the end of 2008, the company operated nearly 1,267 office supply stores in the US and Canada. Store replenishment is handled through cross dock facilities and the bulk merchandise is sorted and shipped within a day. By the end of 2008, the company operated 12 cross dock facilities. The North American business solutions division sells nationally branded and private brand office supplies, technology products, furniture and services through various channels: dedicated sales force; catalogs and internet sites. The division’s direct business is tailored to service small and medium sized customers. These customers can order products from the catalogs through phone or through the company’s websites. The North American business solutions division employs a dedicated sales force for the contract business which serves predominantly, medium sized to fortune 100 companies. The sales force LEADING COMPANIES United States – Office Services ; Supplies 0072 – 2115 – 2010 Â © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied Page 29 offer customers allied services of providing information, business-tools and problem solving. In addition, the division undertakes government contracts through a multi-state contract available to local and state government agencies, school districts, higher education and non-profit organizations across the US. The division operated 20 distribution centers at the end of 2008 and it fills in the contract and direct business orders through inventory maintained in these distribution centers. The international division offers office products and services in 48 countries throughout North America, Europe, Asia and Central America. Office Depot offers its products through wholly-owned and majorityowned entities or other ventures in 38 countries. This division sells its products and services through direct mail catalogs, contract sales forces, internet sites and retail stores. Office Depot operated 162 retail stores in France, Japan, Hungary, Israel, Sweden and South Korea, as of January 2009. In addition, the company operated 98 stores under licensing and merchandise arrangements in South Korea and Thailand. Office Depot participates in the joint venture Office Depot de Mexico which operates 186 stores in Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Panama. This division established regional headquarters for Europe/ Middle East and Asia to support its operations in these geographies. The company offers its products in the international market through more than 35 websites which cater to various geographical locations. It offers products through catalogs in 14 countries. Office Depot operated 43 wholly owned and majority owned distribution centers by the end of 2008 for providing inventory to fill in the orders of its international division. Source http://www. community. officedepot. com/envpolicyqa. asp Clarifying Q ; A | Who are Office Depot’s Stakeholders? | | Office Depot is committed to working with its stakeholders – our suppliers, employees, customers, shareholders and the conservation science community – to promote and advance environmental stewardship. This said, Office Depot will maintain an open communication channel with other organizations that wish to contribute to our process of continual improvement – a communications channel and process in which contributions are considered within the framework of conservation science, so that we may continue to strengthen our environmental performance by internalizing appropriate, scientifically based improvements to our environmental policies and programs. Office Depot’s work with the conservation science community reflects our desire for a collaborative, scientific approach to identifying and addressing the issues of environmental stewardship. | | | Why Does Office Depot engage its Stakeholders and what is Office Depot’s approach to stakeholder involvement? | | Office Depot’s approach is one of inclusion and consultation for the mutual benefit of the environment and our stakeholders. Office Depot actively promotes the responsible use of our natural resources by working with these stakeholders in the ongoing pursuit of improvements and innovation that promote and advance the principles of environmental stewardship in ways that: * Produce solutions with integrity and purpose; * Are responsible, transparent, accountable, realistic and actionable; * Produce results that are tangible, measurable and reportable; and, * Reward innovation and leadership. | How to cite The Rivalry Among Existing Firms: Strong, Essay examples

Web Communication Computer Networks

Questions: 1. What is the Internet?2. What is the World Wide Web?3. What is the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?4. What are three purported differences between the World Wide Web as it first emerged, and the more recent Web 2.0? 5. What are APIs and why are they significant to Web 2.0?The word length averages out to 150 words for each answer, which is sufficient to answer each question, but only if you write concisely. One of the challenges of short word-lengths is making sure you avoid any unnecessary material and get straight to your main points. Answers: 1. The internet can be defined as the collection of the computer networks from all around the world. The computer networks consist of several layers such as application (like SMTP, HTTP), transport (UDP, TCP), network (Such as IP) and physical layer (Simon Covic, 2015). The most important feature of internet that helped it to be successful invention is its interoperability. For this several independent protocols can work together. It is a global information system that, logically link the computer networks from all over the world by using a unique address space that is mainly based on Internet protocol and its extensions. It supports data communication using different protocol suits such as TCP/IP, SMTP, and FTP. Along with this it also supports compatible other compatible protocols for the data transmission (Fuchs et al., 2013). It is designed in such a manner that, the data packets or data is interpreted only at the receiving and sending ends. This helps in abstraction of the internal architecture. 2. The World Wide Web is a massive system with distributed architecture that contains huge number of clients and servers for serving information requests. The servers in this architecture stores a large amount of documents often denoted as the files (Handley Crowcroft, 2015). These files are served as per the request of the users (clients). The servers can be also requested to store newer files and documents. The clients can requests the documents/files by using the URLs (Uniform Resource Locator). This URL is used to specify the location of the document (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012). This helps the server to lookup the local file system so that, it can respond against the request of the client along with the requested file. The medium through which the clients interact with the servers are known as the web browser (Simon Covic, 2015). These web browsers are special kind of applications running on the clients system. These applications are responsible for proper interpretation of the received document/file. 3. The internet and the WWW (World Wide Web) complement each other. The internet can be considered as a system that helps numerous computer networks (private or public) to logically connect with each other. On the other hand the web is an application that uses the internet system. This application enables the users to share information and communicate with each other. The web can be compared to a parasite that requires the internet for its survival. Web pages that are accessed by the users often contain hypertext links that redirects the users to the other related pages (Fuchs et al., 2013). This links are the threads that are used by the Web to travel to the different server connected through the internet in order to get the particular document requested by the users. This links are helpful in finding the documents/ files in the web servers that is requested by the end user. 4. After the emergence of the web 2.0, the previous version is often referred as the web 1.0. In the first version of the web, the contents on the different pages were mainly static in nature whereas in the recent version of web, most of the web pages contain dynamic contents and media (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012). In the newer version of the users can get information from a certain page as well as are able to update the content of the pages. Another difference is the interactivity of the users. In the previous version of the web, the users or the visitors of a page were not able to contribute ideas to the pages they visit (Handley Crowcroft, 2015). On the contrary the webpages in the current web 2.0 is more interactive in nature than the previous one and engages the visitors to improve the page. The third difference is the availability of Metadata about the web pages. This is helpful for search engines to present the most relevant webpage according to the users query string in the search box. 5. Some of the most important APIs of Web 2.0 are community focus, mapping, content sharing, web-based tools (like RSS) or widgets and blogs. These APIS are the important factors that made it popular than its previous version. Some of this APIs are able to separate the contents on a particular webpage and notify its users about the change or update in the content (Simon Covic, 2015). This APIs are helpful in reducing the users effort to find and visit pages for the altered information about something. Presently, most of the business organizations, government agencys computer networks throughout the world are connected with this internet (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012). By utilizing the APIs ordinary users, employees of organizations can modify, update or alter information by interacting with the web pages. Moreover, the content sharing and web based widgets are helpful in tracking the user behaviors and recommend the similar web pages for the users of web. References Aghaei, S., Nematbakhsh, M. A., Farsani, H. K. (2012). Evolution of the world wide web: From WEB 1.0 TO WEB 4.0.International Journal of Web Semantic Technology,3(1), 1. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Fuchs, C., Boersma, K., Albrechtslund, A., Sandoval, M. (2013).Internet and surveillance: The challenges of Web 2.0 and social media(Vol. 16). Routledge. Handley, M., Crowcroft, J. (2015).The World Wide Web: Beneath the Surf(Vol. 6). Routledge. He, X., Gao, M., Kan, M. Y., Liu, Y., Sugiyama, K. (2014, July). Predicting the popularity of web 2.0 items based on user comments. InProceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research development in information retrieval(pp. 233-242). ACM. Simon, J., Covic, Z. (2015). The Internet of Things in Web 2.0 Environment. InProceedings of the Conference MECHEDU(pp. 1-4).

Feudal Tradition Essays - Feudalism, Zhou Dynasty,

Feudal Tradition America had skip the feudal stage, she never had a feudal system. Unlike the European countries, struggle many centries with the old feudal system. Many European countries had to had revolutions to overturn the old feudal system. Louis Hartz pointed out that liberalism seemed natural to America. The lack of a feudal tradition in United States affected American life in many ways. The system of feudalism was developed gradually between the eighth and eleventh centuries. In the early feudal stage, when a freeman gave up his title to his land he became the lord's "man" and promised him his loyalty. Officially the serfs were "unfree". However, they were not the property of other people, like slaves. Serfs were bound to the land and not to any particular lord who held it in fief. They could not leave the place where they were born, but neither could the lord send them away. It was an obligation between the lords and serfs. In the beginning of America, those men who settled in the new world were the men who fled from the feudal system in Europe. United States was created without any revolutions and without any kings. Liberalism was so natural to American. Without feudalism, American believed they could do whatever occupations if they wanted. They didn't had to follow the same occupations passed by generations and generations, like the feudalism. American also believed they had to be independent, and they had take care themselves. They had to worried about their own livings. In feudal system, the serfs were taken care by their lords. The lords had to provided the housing, food, clothing...to their serfs. Also, without feudalism American could believed in whatever religions they wanted. In feudal system, people only could believed in one religion. Enrico Augell and Craig Murphy pointed out, denominational religion, liberalism and a faith in science were the "common sense" to American. Without any revolutions in America, the liberalism was so natural to American. Therefore, American thought God had chosen them to be the best one.

PTSD Sleep Disorders and Treatment Professor Ramos Blog

PTSD Sleep Disorders and Treatment There were 69,000 troops recruited into the armed forces last year. When veterans come home a percentage have long-term effects that haunt them daily and need to be treated by medical specialists. These issues include PTSD, depression and anxiety that make it hard to function as a civilian and lead to significant health problems. Many struggle to acclimate back into society with mental and physical issues that need to be addressed and treated. Studies regarding PTSD and sleep disturbances veterans experience and some treatments available for the issue, the effects for both the veteran and their families with quality of life as well as their relationships. Insomnia may be the most common among veterans with a complaint of sleep issues. Mood and anxiety result in lack of sleep with other psychological effects. Some can fall asleep but can’t stay asleep due to nightmares or just have difficulty falling asleep. In a study done my van -Liempt (470-471), shows the demographics of veteran involved and the issues they develop after being discharged. Other factors may play a part in how anxiety or stress levels but mainly due to PTSD disrupted sleep. Pre-deployment anxiety symptoms increase the risk in developing PTSD symptoms although all remain negatively affected. If REM sleep is disturbed or fragmented, nightmares may be triggered due to PTSD and lack of rest creating mental and physical distress. It may contribute directly to the development of PTSD disrupting the beneficial process of sleep on fear distinction. Those with nightmares may talk, scream or physically move and disturb their partner or create a hostile sleeping situatio n. Exhaustion may result in lack of sleep creating strain on relationships and personal life impacted and seclusion for the severely disturbed. There is a 75% to 90% increase in risk of a low quality of life including isolation, drinking, depression, suicidal ideation, and poor coping skills with basic life stressors are obstacles that veterans have to endure and overcome to live a normal life. Several studies report that female veterans with insomnia and probable PTSD had poorer sleep quality than veterans with insomnia alone. Combat veterans and their exposure to war zones endure mental trauma but women have the added possible sexual trauma in combat areas. For the young veterans who deal with sleep disturbances the cost is great both mentally and physically over their lifetime. They can be utilized for future studies for treatments options and data to reduce risk for veterans in the future. There are limited treatments for PTSD associated sleep disturbances. One possible option is explored in auricular acupuncture as described in Heather King et al. (582-590) being successful when studied in a small group of veterans with PTSD. Acupuncture increases endogenous opioid levels and melatonin and during interaction to promote sleep. There were no negative comments when the study was concluded. With a ninety five percent approval rating among those who were question one participant replied, â€Å"My sleep significantly improved due to acupuncture. I felt better rested and helped me concentrate on my days and I performed better on my daily activities†¦.(Heather King et al. pp.587). Although it is a primary study of a non-medication form of treatment. Although there are some with other severe issues that require medication and unclear if this treatment would work for them along with medication and psychiatric intervention. Medication is the first option given to veterans who suffer from PTSD and sleep disorders. Risperidone which is an antipsychotic drug may be prescribed for the more severe cases of PTSD. In the study conducted and reported by Daniella David et al. (489-491) nightmares shifted toward less trauma-replicating allowing better sleep. It did not cure or allow the participant to sleep consistently but may have eased some of the bad dreams decreasing the nighttime awakenings. There are many variables and case by case issues with treatments among the veterans with PTSD and sleep disorders. There may be more than one treatment that is required to alleviate the symptoms they experience. All require therapy and some need a sleep study to determine if a form of life support is needed. Medication is usually administered for a diagnosis of depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation or insomnia. It is a combination of treatments to assist the veteran in being functional in life to assume the pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream.† Our veterans deserve to live a full, well adjusted and happy life when they return home from their duty in the service. Not all of us can volunteer for such a duty or aren’t as brave as the soldiers that continue to be part of this elite group of men and women. My husband is a combat veteran and has been diagnosed with PTSD once he returned home. Sleep is definitely a variable for him and at times it can affect me as well . Medication is a daily requirement and even so there are still effects that cannot be escaped or cured. New studies need to be conducted to explore alternative options for future veterans and those who still suffer from PTSD and sleep disorders. Winding down at the end of the day by taking a bath or avoiding coffee may help but the psychological trauma is what is most disruptive. The environment where they sleep should also be appropriate to feel comfortable and safe. Short naps throughout the day may keep from feeling so exhausted at the end of the day. The mental condition will never cease to exist and can be developed in more than this specific scenario. Sleep may be the only escape and unsuccessful attempts and nightmares create more issues that contribute to self-medicating such as drugs, alcohol or suicide. The Department of Veterans Affairs offers services and assistance of no- cost to veterans for those who seek help to resolve issues they may be suffering from. Accounts from veterans willing to share can be viewed at Meet the Connection website where Justin states at a certain point he walked into a VA and stated, â€Å"I need help immediately,† (maketheconnection.net).   He speaks of his life in chaos with relationships falling apart and suicidal ideation. Those who are willing to accept help and admit there is a problem can seek it through the VA system. Many go to individual and group therapy or may record their traumatic accounts and journal about their feelings. Their strength and resilience in and out of the service is part of what makes America great. Work Cited David, Daniella, et al. â€Å"Adjunctive Risperidone Treatment and Sleep Symptoms in Combat Veterans with Chronic PTSD.† Depression and Anxiety (1091-4269), vol. 23, no. 8, Dec. 2006, pp. 489-491 Hughes, Jaime et al. â€Å"Insomnia and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Veterans.† Behavioral Sleep Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, Sept. 2013, pp. 258-274 King, Heather C., et al. â€Å"Auricular Acupuncture for Sleep Disturbances in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. A Feasibility Study. â€Å"Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 582-590 Straus, Laura D., â€Å"Sleep and Variability in Military-Related PTSD: A Comparison to Primary Insomnia and Healthy Controls.† Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 28, no. 1, Feb. 2015, pp. 8-16. Van Liempt, Saskia, et al. â€Å"Impact of Impaired Sleep on the Development of PTSD Symptoms in Combat Veterans: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.† Depression and Anxiety (1091-4269), vol. 30, no. 5, May 2013, pp. 469-474. https://maketheconnection.net/symptoms/trouble-sleeping Accessed 10/2018 Photo Credits Twitter.com/VA_PTSD-Info Eopssleep.com/2014/09/11/ptsd Medicalexpress.com/news/2018-3 Green, Peter S. Post-Traumatic Sleep Disorders Are the New PTSD. Published 10/19/2015 Nature Reviews/Disease Primers PTSD. Published 8,Oct 2015 Rachel Yehuda et al.

Investment Analysis of Coca Cola and Pepsi Essay

Investment Analysis of Coca Cola and Pepsi - Essay Example Later he formed Pepsi-Cola Company in 1902. In 1965, Pepsi-Cola Company was merged with Frito-Lay, Inc. which created PepsiCo, Inc. PepsiCo. has expanded to include various range of foods like snack foods, health drinks, etc. Their current head is Indra Nooyi who is the Chairman and CEO (Penzkofer, 2007). The major customers of the company are the young generation of people and also include the sportsman. They use mainly Sustainable Sourcing program which leads to improved performance. Coco-Cola is a carbonated soft drink company headquartered in United States. It was introduced in the year 1886. It was intended to be a patent machine; this company was bought out by Asa Griggs Candler. Through his marketing tactics, Coke became a giant Soft-drink company. The company products are sold through license Coca-Cola bottlers. The bottlers basically hold contracts to produce the cold drink and package them in cans and bottles using sweeteners and filtered water (Pendergrast, 2000). They are then sold through merchandise Coco-Cola stores and also through the vending machines. The Company also sells soda fountains to the major restaurants and food service distributors across the world. Currently Muhtar Kent is the Chairman and Chief Executive officer of the company. Answer 2 Seeing the trend we conclude that the price of Coca Cola since its incorporation in 1962 has fallen to Rs. 57.16 and then has risen to Rs. 70.71 in 2012. It shows that that the price level is slowly increasing with each passing day. This shows that the company is performing well. Seeing the trend we can tell that since the initial date of Incorporation in the year 1977, there has been a downward trend in the price level of the stock due to major economic downturn faced by US. From the year 2010 to 2012 the price level has risen. It also shows that the price level is rising and the company is earning profit. Answer 3 Two Major events of PepsiCo In February 2011, PepsiCo acquired two-third stake in Wi mm-Bill-Dann Foods. It is a Russian juice producer and Dairy company. Through this PepsiCo increased its stake in the company by 1.37% by buying 601.948 WBD shares. Thus they acquired overall 98.63% stake in the company. PepsiCo had to pay 3.884 roubles per share and also $32.7 per depository receipt. With this acquisition, PepsiCo has expanded their market positioning and hence it has given them a competitive leading position in the market. The share price increased as a result of the acquisition. In February 2012, Indra Nooyi took the decision of restructuring the company by cutting down 8,700 jobs. It equalled to roughly 3% of PepsiCo’s global workforce. This enabled them to increase the amount they allocated to the branding activities. PepsiCo was facing increased costs in their operation. The company first wanted to increase the prices of their products at first. But then they recognized the fact that consumer may not accept the price rise. Hence they started to do the r estructuring plan. Pepsi made the tough decisions because they expected that the companies will face higher input cost of the raw materials as compared to other previous years. Indra Nooyi the CEO of PepsiCo said that the reduction will affect over 30 countries. There major reason was that they wanted to increase the allocation towards the branding activities like advertising, marketing etc. They wanted to increase the expenditure from $ 500 million to $ 600 million in the year 2012. Their major focus was on North America, where they wanted to invest about $100 million in displays, storing racks etc.Indra Nooyi pointed out that by doing this restructuring PepsiCo wanted to save about $1.5 billion by 2013. They took this step because of economic uncertainty which